Factor de Protección Solar en cremas a base del extracto hidroalcohólico de las flores rojas y anaranjadas de Tropaeolum majus L
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Date
2020
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Universidad Nacional de Trujillo
Abstract
El cáncer de piel es, en gran medida, el más común de todos los cánceres, por lo que usar un protector solar es una alternativa viable al problema de las afecciones de la piel causadas por la exposición directa a la radiación, pero la constante exposición causa lesiones mayores que con el tiempo provocan quemaduras o cáncer de piel. Es por ello que, se desarrollan constantemente nuevos productos con una gama de nuevas sustancias naturales para la protección solar con el fin de prevenir dichas afecciones a la piel y cuidar de la misma. El presente trabajo de investigación tuvo como principal objetivo determinar el Factor de Protección Solar en cremas a base del extracto hidroalcohólico de las flores rojas y anaranjadas de Tropaeolum majus L. Para la evaluación de la capacidad fotoprotectora, fueron realizadas dos etapas. Dentro de la primera se recolectó, lavo y seco las muestras vegetales luego se llevó a molienda hasta la obtención de polvo, posteriormente por el método de percolación usando como solvente alcohol de 70°GL, se obtuvieron los extractos hidroalcohólicos, realizándose distintos análisis físico-químicos y mediante la metodología descrita por Sayre y por Mansur et al, se determinó el Factor de Protección Solar (FPS) de las flores rojas y anaranjadas, presentando un SPF ≤9, los resultados obtenidos mostraron que el extracto hidroalcohólico de flores rojas es el mejor porque presentó un SPF de 9,876 en una concentración de 0.02 mg / ml, por consiguiente en la segunda etapa se desarrolló una formulación fotoprotectora. Para su evaluación in vitro se desarrollaron 5 muestras, un blanco (F1) conteniendo solo filtros UV, una muestra (F2) conteniendo solo extracto hidroalcohólico de flores rojas sin filtro UV, una muestra (F3) conteniendo solo extracto hidroalcohólico de flores anaranjadas sin filtro UV, una muestra (F4) conteniendo filtros UV más extracto hidroalcohólico de flores rojas y una última (F5) conteniendo filtros UV más extracto hidroalcohólico de flores anaranjadas, las cuales fueron sometida a controles de calidad organolépticos y físico-químicos, observándose en la comparación de ambas cremas un cambio en el color, mostrando rosado para el extracto de flores anaranjadas y anaranjado suave para el extracto de flores rojas, además se determinó el FPS in vitro, evaluando su eficacia pre y post irradiación obteniendo valores de 23,25 – 2; 1 - 1; 1 - 1; 91,5 – 25,75; 53 -10,5 respectivamente para las 5 muestras realizadas. Concluyéndose así que el extracto hidroalcohólico de las flores anaranjadas de Tropaeolum majus L. en comparación con el extracto hidroalcohólico de las flores rojas presentó un FPS elevado según la FDA, pero en contribución con filtros solares orgánicos incluidos en la formulación para el desarrollo de la crema fotoprotectora.
ABSTRACT Skin cancer is by far the most common of all cancers, so wearing a sunscreen is a viable alternative to the problem of skin conditions caused by direct exposure to radiation, but constant exposure. causes major injuries that eventually cause burns or skin cancer. That is why new products are constantly being developed with a range of new natural substances for sun protection in order to prevent such skin conditions and take care of it. The main objective of this research work was to make a comparison of the in vitro analysis of the Sun Protection Factor in the development of creams based on the hydroalcoholic extract of red and orange flowers of Tropaeolum majus L. For the evaluation of the photoprotective capacity, two stages were performed. Within the first, the vegetable samples were collected, washed and dried, then ground to a powder, then by the percolation method using 70 ° GL alcohol as solvent, the hydroalcoholic extracts were obtained, performing various physical analyzes. and by the methodology described by Sayre and Mansur et al, the Sun Protection Factor (SPF) of the red and orange flowers was determined, presenting an SPF ≤9, the results obtained showed that the hydroalcoholic extract of red flowers is the better because it presented an SPF of 9,876 in a concentration of 0.02 mg / ml, in addition, an analytical method was developed by means of HPLC for the identification of phenolic compounds where it was found that the orange flower extract contained a higher percentage of Routine and Gallic Acid compared to the red flower extract, therefore in the second stage a photoprotective formulation was developed. For in vitro evaluation 5 samples were developed, one white (F1) containing only UV filters, one sample (F2) containing only hydroalcoholic extract of red flowers without UV filter, one sample (F3) containing only hydroalcoholic extract of orange flowers without filter UV, a sample (F4) containing UV filters plus hydroalcoholic extract of red flowers and a last (F5) containing UV filters plus hydroalcoholic extract of orange flowers, which were subjected to organoleptic and physico-chemical quality controls, being observed in the comparison of both creams a change in color, showing pink for the orange flower extract and soft orange for the red flower extract, in addition the SPF was determined in vitro, evaluating its effectiveness pre and post irradiation obtaining values of 23.25 - 2 ; 1-1; 1-1; 91.5 - 25.75; 53-10.5 respectively for the 5 samples performed. In conclusion, the hydroalcoholic extract of the orange flowers of Tropaeolum majus L. compared to the hydroalcoholic extract of the red flowers presented a high SPF according to the FDA, but in contribution with organic sunscreens included in the formulation for the development of the cream photoprotective.
ABSTRACT Skin cancer is by far the most common of all cancers, so wearing a sunscreen is a viable alternative to the problem of skin conditions caused by direct exposure to radiation, but constant exposure. causes major injuries that eventually cause burns or skin cancer. That is why new products are constantly being developed with a range of new natural substances for sun protection in order to prevent such skin conditions and take care of it. The main objective of this research work was to make a comparison of the in vitro analysis of the Sun Protection Factor in the development of creams based on the hydroalcoholic extract of red and orange flowers of Tropaeolum majus L. For the evaluation of the photoprotective capacity, two stages were performed. Within the first, the vegetable samples were collected, washed and dried, then ground to a powder, then by the percolation method using 70 ° GL alcohol as solvent, the hydroalcoholic extracts were obtained, performing various physical analyzes. and by the methodology described by Sayre and Mansur et al, the Sun Protection Factor (SPF) of the red and orange flowers was determined, presenting an SPF ≤9, the results obtained showed that the hydroalcoholic extract of red flowers is the better because it presented an SPF of 9,876 in a concentration of 0.02 mg / ml, in addition, an analytical method was developed by means of HPLC for the identification of phenolic compounds where it was found that the orange flower extract contained a higher percentage of Routine and Gallic Acid compared to the red flower extract, therefore in the second stage a photoprotective formulation was developed. For in vitro evaluation 5 samples were developed, one white (F1) containing only UV filters, one sample (F2) containing only hydroalcoholic extract of red flowers without UV filter, one sample (F3) containing only hydroalcoholic extract of orange flowers without filter UV, a sample (F4) containing UV filters plus hydroalcoholic extract of red flowers and a last (F5) containing UV filters plus hydroalcoholic extract of orange flowers, which were subjected to organoleptic and physico-chemical quality controls, being observed in the comparison of both creams a change in color, showing pink for the orange flower extract and soft orange for the red flower extract, in addition the SPF was determined in vitro, evaluating its effectiveness pre and post irradiation obtaining values of 23.25 - 2 ; 1-1; 1-1; 91.5 - 25.75; 53-10.5 respectively for the 5 samples performed. In conclusion, the hydroalcoholic extract of the orange flowers of Tropaeolum majus L. compared to the hydroalcoholic extract of the red flowers presented a high SPF according to the FDA, but in contribution with organic sunscreens included in the formulation for the development of the cream photoprotective.
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Keywords
Tropaeolum majus L. Radiación ultravioleta. Factor de protección solar