Características y nivel de conocimiento del adulto mayor sobre su farmacoterapia en un hospital público nivel III-1 de Trujillo 2024
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Date
2024
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Universidad Nacional de Trujillo
Abstract
El presente trabajo de investigación tuvo como objetivo determinar las características y el nivel de conocimiento del adulto mayor sobre su farmacoterapia en un hospital público nivel III-1 de Trujillo durante 2024. Es una investigación de tipo descriptiva prospectiva. La muestra estuvo conformada por 231 pacientes adultos mayores de ambos sexos, mayor o igual a 60 años, atendidos en la farmacia para la dispensación de sus medicamentos. Se entrevistó a los pacientes utilizando un cuestionario conformado por 11 preguntas abiertas distribuidas en 4 dimensiones: objetivo terapéutico, proceso del uso del medicamento, seguridad y conservación. Los datos fueron procesados en una hoja de cálculo de Microsoft Excel 2021 y se obtuvo los siguientes resultados: el 62,34% de la población adulta es de sexo femenino; el 87,01% proviene de zona urbana; y el 51,08% tiene un nivel educativo primario. El servicio donde más se atendieron los pacientes fue reumatología con 15,6%, la patología con más frecuencia es hipertensión arterial con 10,5% y el medicamento más utilizado con 6,7% fue losartán 50 mg. En las características sociales el 21,6% necesita cuidado permanente, un 23,8% tiene ingresos económicos y el 15,6% viven solos, en las características médicas se obtuvo que el 67,5% presentan una visión insuficiente a diferencias de las otras características que se encuentran en estado suficiente. Según las dimensiones los pacientes no conocen en, seguridad con 97,7%; conservación con 81,1%; objetivo terapéutico con 69,9% y proceso en uso del medicamento con 52,3%. El 48,5% de los adultos mayores presentaron un conocimiento insuficiente sobre su farmacoterapia, el 36,4% no conoce su farmacoterapia, el 11,7% tiene conocimiento suficiente y solo el 3,5% tiene un conocimiento óptimo. Por lo que se sugiere la implementación de un área de atención farmacéutica que permita una mayor adherencia al tratamiento y obtener resultados eficientes
ABSTRACT The aim of this research was to determine the characteristics and level of knowledge of older adults about their pharmacotherapy in a level III-1 public hospital in Trujillo during 2024. It is a prospective descriptive research. The sample consisted of 231 older adult patients of both sexes, aged 60 years or older, who were seen in the pharmacy for the dispensing of their medicines. Patients were interviewed using a questionnaire consisting of 11 open questions distributed in 4 dimensions: therapeutic objective, process of medicine use, safety and conservation. The data were processed in a Microsoft Excel 2021 spreadsheet and the following results were obtained: 62.34% of the adult population was female; 87.01% came from urban areas; and 51.08% had primary education. The service where most patients were seen was rheumatology with 15.6%, the most frequent pathology was arterial hypertension with 10.5% and the most used medicine with 6.7% was losartan 50 mg. In the social characteristics 21.6% need permanent care, 23.8% have an income and 15.6% live alone, in the medical characteristics 67.5% have insufficient vision in contrast to the other characteristics which are in a sufficient state. According to the dimensions, the patients do not know about safety (97.7%), conservation (81.1%), therapeutic objective (69.9%) and process in the use of the medicine (52.3%). 48.5% of the older adults had insufficient knowledge of their pharmacotherapy, 36.4% did not know their pharmacotherapy, 11.7% had sufficient knowledge and only 3.5% had optimal knowledge. Therefore, the implementation of a pharmaceutical care area is suggested in order to improve adherence to treatment and obtain efficient results
ABSTRACT The aim of this research was to determine the characteristics and level of knowledge of older adults about their pharmacotherapy in a level III-1 public hospital in Trujillo during 2024. It is a prospective descriptive research. The sample consisted of 231 older adult patients of both sexes, aged 60 years or older, who were seen in the pharmacy for the dispensing of their medicines. Patients were interviewed using a questionnaire consisting of 11 open questions distributed in 4 dimensions: therapeutic objective, process of medicine use, safety and conservation. The data were processed in a Microsoft Excel 2021 spreadsheet and the following results were obtained: 62.34% of the adult population was female; 87.01% came from urban areas; and 51.08% had primary education. The service where most patients were seen was rheumatology with 15.6%, the most frequent pathology was arterial hypertension with 10.5% and the most used medicine with 6.7% was losartan 50 mg. In the social characteristics 21.6% need permanent care, 23.8% have an income and 15.6% live alone, in the medical characteristics 67.5% have insufficient vision in contrast to the other characteristics which are in a sufficient state. According to the dimensions, the patients do not know about safety (97.7%), conservation (81.1%), therapeutic objective (69.9%) and process in the use of the medicine (52.3%). 48.5% of the older adults had insufficient knowledge of their pharmacotherapy, 36.4% did not know their pharmacotherapy, 11.7% had sufficient knowledge and only 3.5% had optimal knowledge. Therefore, the implementation of a pharmaceutical care area is suggested in order to improve adherence to treatment and obtain efficient results
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Keywords
Adulto mayor. Farmacoterapia. Nivel de conocimiento. Medicamentos