Efecto de la radiación de UV-C y concentración de ozono en la remediación de Mohos y AFB1 en Zea mays L. y Oriza sativa L.
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Date
2025
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Universidad Nacional de Trujillo
Abstract
Las micotoxinas son compuestos tóxicos secundarios producidos principalmente por hongos de las especies Penicillium, Fusarium y Aspergillus. Estas sustancias contaminan alimentos como el arroz y el maíz, lo que constituye un riesgo considerable para la salud humana y animal. La exposición a estos compuestos puede ocasionar efectos adversos como teratogénesis, inmunosupresión y cáncer. Entre las micotoxinas más estudiadas se encuentran las aflatoxinas, consideradas las más tóxicas de origen natural. El objetivo de este estudio fue analizar el impacto del ozono en diferentes concentraciones (0-5 ppm) con irradiación UV-C durante un tiempo de (5-25 minutos) en la descontaminación de A. sydowii, F. proliferatum y P. commune en arroz y maíz. La remediación de mohos se llevó a cabo mediante tratamientos de ozono con UV-C, y la presencia AFB1 fue analizada a través de un ensayo ELISA. Además, se buscó identificar diferencias en la composición química de muestras contaminadas con A. sydowii, F. proliferatum y P. commune y una muestra control no contaminada mediante FTIR. Los resultados mostraron que, en arroz, una concentración de ozono de 2.5 ppm durante 25 minutos redujo significativamente el moho Penicillium commune con un coeficiente de determinación (R²) del 98.48%, logrando 0 unidades formadoras de colonias (u.f.c.), mientras que Aspergillus sydowii y Fusarium proliferatum presentaron reducciones del 98.68% y 98.46%, con 1 y 3 u.f.c., respectivamente. En maíz, bajo las mismas condiciones, tampoco se observó una remediación total de los hongos mencionados, logrando alcanzar una reducción de 91.64% (9 u.f.c.), 99.29% (1 u.f.c.), y 97.87% (1 u.f.c.) para las muestras contaminadas con A. sydowii, F. proliferatum, P. commune, respectivamente. Las muestras control de arroz y maíz analizadas mediante ELISA no mostraron la presencia de AFB1, lo que sugiere la efectividad parcial del tratamiento. Este estudio demuestra que la combinación de ozono con irradiación UV-C es una opción prometedora para reducir significativamente P. commune en arroz y maíz, aunque la descontaminación completa de otros hongos requiere de optimización adicional.
ABSTRACT Mycotoxins are toxic secondary metabolites primarily produced by fungi from the species Penicillium, Fusarium, and Aspergillus. These substances contaminate foods such as rice and corn, posing a significant risk to both human and animal health. Exposure to these compounds can lead to adverse effects such as teratogenesis, immunosuppression, and cancer. Among the most studied mycotoxins are aflatoxins, considered the most toxic naturally occurring ones. The aim of this study was to analyze the impact of ozone at different concentrations (0-5 ppm) with UV-C irradiation over a period of (5-25 minutes) on the decontamination of A. sydowii, F. proliferatum, and P. commune in rice and corn. Mold remediation was carried out using ozone treatments with UV-C, and the presence of AFB1 was analyzed through an ELISA assay. Additionally, the study aimed to identify differences in the chemical composition of samples contaminated with A. sydowii, F. proliferatum, and P. commune compared to a non-contaminated control sample using FTIR. The results showed that, in rice, an ozone concentration of 2.5 ppm for 25 minutes significantly reduced the Penicillium commune mold, achieving a determination coefficient (R²) of 98.48%, with 0 colony-forming units (cfu), while Aspergillus sydowii and Fusarium proliferatum showed reductions of 98.68% and 98.46%, with 1 and 3 cfu, respectively. In corn, under the same conditions, there was no total remediation of the mentioned molds, but a reduction of 91.64% (9 cfu), 99.29% (1 cfu), and 97.87% (1 cfu) was achieved for the samples contaminated with A. sydowii, F. proliferatum, and P. commune, respectively. Control samples of rice and corn analyzed through ELISA showed no presence of AFB1, suggesting the partial effectiveness of the treatment. This study demonstrates that the combination of ozone with UV-C irradiation is a promising option for significantly reducing P. commune in rice and corn, although complete decontamination of other molds requires further optimization.
ABSTRACT Mycotoxins are toxic secondary metabolites primarily produced by fungi from the species Penicillium, Fusarium, and Aspergillus. These substances contaminate foods such as rice and corn, posing a significant risk to both human and animal health. Exposure to these compounds can lead to adverse effects such as teratogenesis, immunosuppression, and cancer. Among the most studied mycotoxins are aflatoxins, considered the most toxic naturally occurring ones. The aim of this study was to analyze the impact of ozone at different concentrations (0-5 ppm) with UV-C irradiation over a period of (5-25 minutes) on the decontamination of A. sydowii, F. proliferatum, and P. commune in rice and corn. Mold remediation was carried out using ozone treatments with UV-C, and the presence of AFB1 was analyzed through an ELISA assay. Additionally, the study aimed to identify differences in the chemical composition of samples contaminated with A. sydowii, F. proliferatum, and P. commune compared to a non-contaminated control sample using FTIR. The results showed that, in rice, an ozone concentration of 2.5 ppm for 25 minutes significantly reduced the Penicillium commune mold, achieving a determination coefficient (R²) of 98.48%, with 0 colony-forming units (cfu), while Aspergillus sydowii and Fusarium proliferatum showed reductions of 98.68% and 98.46%, with 1 and 3 cfu, respectively. In corn, under the same conditions, there was no total remediation of the mentioned molds, but a reduction of 91.64% (9 cfu), 99.29% (1 cfu), and 97.87% (1 cfu) was achieved for the samples contaminated with A. sydowii, F. proliferatum, and P. commune, respectively. Control samples of rice and corn analyzed through ELISA showed no presence of AFB1, suggesting the partial effectiveness of the treatment. This study demonstrates that the combination of ozone with UV-C irradiation is a promising option for significantly reducing P. commune in rice and corn, although complete decontamination of other molds requires further optimization.
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Keywords
Aspergillus sydowii, Fusarium proliferatum, Penicillium commune, Micotoxinas, Reactor de lecho fluidizado, Ozono, Remediación, UVC