Estudio etnobotánico, fitoquímico y farmacológico de especies vegetales utilizadas popularmente en la prevención y tratamiento sintomático de Covid-19
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Date
2023
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Universidad Nacional de Trujillo
Abstract
El objetivo de esta investigación fue determinar las características etnobotánicas, fitoquímicas y farmacológicas de especies vegetales utilizadas en la prevención y tratamiento sintomático de COVID-19 en la región La Libertad. En el estudio se depositaron muestras de las especies estudiadas de plantas medicinales en el Herbarium truxillense (HUT). Se evaluó el contenido de fenoles y flavonoides mediante métodos de espectrofotmetría. La actividad antioxidante fue determinada por los métodos DPPH, FRAP y ABTS. La actividad antibacteriana se evaluó utilizando el método de microdilución en caldo, culminando con un análisis exploratorio UHPLC-MS/MS. Se registraron 10 especies de plantas (Cupressus lusitanica Mill. “cipres”, Rosmarinus officinalis L. “romero”, Sambucus peruviana Kunth “tilo”, Culcitium canescens Humb. & Bonpl. “vira vira”, Stachys byzantina K. Koch “oreja de venado”, Perezia multiflora (Humb. & Bonpl.) Less. “escorzonera”, Taraxacum campylodes G.E. Haglund. “diente de león”, Urtica lalibertadensis Weigend “ortiga negra”, Lepechinia meyenii (Walp.) Epling “salvia”, Melissa officinalis L. “toronjil”), pertenecientes a 5 familias botánicas, principalmente Lamiaceaes y Asteraceaes. La forma de preparación según las encuestas es por infusión de la planta entera (60%), seguidas de las hojas y flores (40%). La concentración fenólica estuvo entre los rangos 4,79±0.03 - 144,53±0.05 mg equivalentes de ácido gálico/g de extracto liofilizado (mgEAG/g EL), para el caso de flavonoides los rangos obtenidos fueron 0,15±0.11 - 73,89±0.12 mg equivalentes de quercetina/g gramo de extracto liofilizado (mgEQ/g EL). La actividad antioxidante presenta valores entre 53,68±0,54 - 312,32±5,84 mg equivalentes de Trolox/g de extracto liofilizado (mg ET/g LE). Los rangos obtenidos de actividad antibacteriana fueron de 0,63 - 5,00 mg/mL. Se concluye que las sustancias activas encontradas en las plantas estudiadas pueden modular el sistema inmunológico y poseer una terapia de prevención y apoyo como indican los vendedores, sin embargo, se requiere continuar con las investigaciones para confirmar estas hipótesis.
The objective of this research was to determine the ethnobotanical, phytochemical and pharmacological characteristics of plant species used in the prevention and symptomatic treatment of COVID-19 in the La Libertad region. In the study, samples of the studied species of medicinal plants were deposited in the Herbarium truxillense (HUT). The content of phenols and flavonoids was evaluated using spectrophotometric methods. The antioxidant activity was determined by the DPPH, FRAP and ABTS methods. Antibacterial activity was evaluated using the broth microdilution method, culminating in an exploratory UHPLC-MS/MS analysis. 10 plant species were recorded (Cupressus lusitanica Mill. “cipres”, Rosmarinus officinalis L. “rosemary”, Sambucus peruviana Kunth “linden”, Culcitium canescens Humb. & Bonpl. “vira vira”, Stachys byzantina K. Koch “ear of deer”, Perezia multiflora (Humb. & Bonpl.) Less. “scorzonera”, Taraxacum campylodes G.E. Haglund. “dandelion”, Urtica lalibertadensis Weigend “black nettle”, Lepechinia meyenii (Walp.) Epling “sage”, Melissa officinalis L. “lemon balm”), belonging to 5 botanical families, mainly Lamiaceaes and Asteraceaes. The method of preparation according to surveys is by infusion of the entire plant (60%), followed by the leaves and flowers (40%). The phenolic concentration was between the ranges 4.79±0.03 - 144.53±0.05 mg equivalents of gallic acid/g of lyophilized extract (mgEAG/g EL), in the case of flavonoids the ranges obtained were 0.15±0.11 - 73.89±0.12 mg quercetin equivalents/g gram of lyophilized extract (mgEQ/g EL). The antioxidant activity presents values between 53.68±0.54 - 312.32±5.84 mg equivalents of Trolox/g of lyophilized extract (mg ET/g LE). The ranges obtained for antibacterial activity were 0.63 - 5.00 mg/mL. It is concluded that the active substances found in the plants studied can modulate the immune system and have a preventive and supportive therapy as indicated by the sellers, however, further research is required to confirm these hypotheses.
The objective of this research was to determine the ethnobotanical, phytochemical and pharmacological characteristics of plant species used in the prevention and symptomatic treatment of COVID-19 in the La Libertad region. In the study, samples of the studied species of medicinal plants were deposited in the Herbarium truxillense (HUT). The content of phenols and flavonoids was evaluated using spectrophotometric methods. The antioxidant activity was determined by the DPPH, FRAP and ABTS methods. Antibacterial activity was evaluated using the broth microdilution method, culminating in an exploratory UHPLC-MS/MS analysis. 10 plant species were recorded (Cupressus lusitanica Mill. “cipres”, Rosmarinus officinalis L. “rosemary”, Sambucus peruviana Kunth “linden”, Culcitium canescens Humb. & Bonpl. “vira vira”, Stachys byzantina K. Koch “ear of deer”, Perezia multiflora (Humb. & Bonpl.) Less. “scorzonera”, Taraxacum campylodes G.E. Haglund. “dandelion”, Urtica lalibertadensis Weigend “black nettle”, Lepechinia meyenii (Walp.) Epling “sage”, Melissa officinalis L. “lemon balm”), belonging to 5 botanical families, mainly Lamiaceaes and Asteraceaes. The method of preparation according to surveys is by infusion of the entire plant (60%), followed by the leaves and flowers (40%). The phenolic concentration was between the ranges 4.79±0.03 - 144.53±0.05 mg equivalents of gallic acid/g of lyophilized extract (mgEAG/g EL), in the case of flavonoids the ranges obtained were 0.15±0.11 - 73.89±0.12 mg quercetin equivalents/g gram of lyophilized extract (mgEQ/g EL). The antioxidant activity presents values between 53.68±0.54 - 312.32±5.84 mg equivalents of Trolox/g of lyophilized extract (mg ET/g LE). The ranges obtained for antibacterial activity were 0.63 - 5.00 mg/mL. It is concluded that the active substances found in the plants studied can modulate the immune system and have a preventive and supportive therapy as indicated by the sellers, however, further research is required to confirm these hypotheses.
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Keywords
COVID-19, Especies vegetales, Fitoconstituyentes