Efecto de la temperatura y pH en la remoción de fenol por un consorcio bacteriano inmovilizado en alginato de calcio
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Date
2025
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Universidad Nacional de Trujillo
Abstract
Esta tesis abordó la problemática de la remoción de fenol, un contaminante orgánico persistente en el medio ambiente. El objetivo fue evaluar el efecto de la temperatura (25, 30, 35 °C) y el pH (5.5, 7, 8.5) sobre un consorcio microbiano compuesto por Bacillus cereus, Arthrobacter sp., y Pseudomonas nitroreducens, inmovilizado en alginato de calcio. Las bacterias se obtuvieron mediante muestreo aleatorio de suelo Cerro Campana, tratadas con medio mineral Bushnell Haas con 1% de fenol e incubadas a 30°C y 150 rpm durante 7 días. Posteriormente, se realizaron diluciones seriadas y siembras en agar nutritivo, seleccionando colonias por morfología y caracterizándolas mediante tinción y PCR del ADNr 16S. Se evaluó la tolerancia a fenol (0-2000 ppm) en caldo peptonado antes de inmovilizar el consorcio en alginato. El ensayo multifactorial manipuló pH y temperatura, monitoreando OD600 y concentración de fenol con espectrofotometría UV-VIS y HPLC, procesando los datos con ANOVA. Los resultados mostraron una remoción máxima de 31,15% a 25°C y pH 7. Se concluyó que el consorcio inmovilizado fue eficiente en condiciones óptimas, aunque su rendimiento disminuyó a concentraciones de fenol superiores a 1000 ppm, indicando la necesidad de estrategias adicionales para aumentar su tolerancia en entornos más contaminados.
This thesis addressed the problem of phenol removal, a persistent organic pollutant in the environment. The objective was to evaluate the effect of temperature (25, 30, 35 °C) and pH (5.5, 7, 8.5) on a microbial consortium composed of Bacillus cereus, Arthrobacter sp., and Pseudomonas nitroreducens, immobilized in calcium alginate. The bacteria were obtained by random sampling of Cerro Campana soil, treated with Bushnell Haas mineral medium with 1% phenol and incubated at 30°C and 150 rpm for 7 days. Subsequently, serial dilutions and sowing on nutrient agar were performed, selecting colonies by morphology and characterizing them by staining and 16S rDNA PCR. Tolerance to phenol (0-2000 ppm) was evaluated in peptone broth prior to immobilization of the consortium in alginate. The multifactorial assay manipulated pH and temperature, monitoring OD600 and phenol concentration with UV-VIS spectrophotometry and HPLC, processing the data with ANOVA. The results showed a maximum removal of 31.15% at 25°C and pH 7. It was concluded that the immobilized consortium was efficient under optimal conditions, although its performance decreased at phenol concentrations higher than 1000 ppm, indicating the need for additional strategies to increase its tolerance in more contaminated environments
This thesis addressed the problem of phenol removal, a persistent organic pollutant in the environment. The objective was to evaluate the effect of temperature (25, 30, 35 °C) and pH (5.5, 7, 8.5) on a microbial consortium composed of Bacillus cereus, Arthrobacter sp., and Pseudomonas nitroreducens, immobilized in calcium alginate. The bacteria were obtained by random sampling of Cerro Campana soil, treated with Bushnell Haas mineral medium with 1% phenol and incubated at 30°C and 150 rpm for 7 days. Subsequently, serial dilutions and sowing on nutrient agar were performed, selecting colonies by morphology and characterizing them by staining and 16S rDNA PCR. Tolerance to phenol (0-2000 ppm) was evaluated in peptone broth prior to immobilization of the consortium in alginate. The multifactorial assay manipulated pH and temperature, monitoring OD600 and phenol concentration with UV-VIS spectrophotometry and HPLC, processing the data with ANOVA. The results showed a maximum removal of 31.15% at 25°C and pH 7. It was concluded that the immobilized consortium was efficient under optimal conditions, although its performance decreased at phenol concentrations higher than 1000 ppm, indicating the need for additional strategies to increase its tolerance in more contaminated environments
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Fenol, remoción, temperatura, pH, consorcio microbiano, inmovilización celular