Susceptibilidad antimicrobiana de bacterias aisladas de urocultivos en el Hospital Belén de Trujillo, La Libertad – Perú 2024
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Date
2025
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Universidad Nacional de Trujillo
Abstract
Antecedentes: Las infecciones del tracto urinario son causadas en su mayoría por especies de enterobacterias, sin embargo, se han reportado aislamientos de otros agentes diferentes a estas causantes de infecciones urinarias, las que con el transcurrir del tiempo han ido adquiriendo resistencia a los antibióticos por el uso indiscriminado de los mismos lo cual ha favorecido la creación, adaptación y diseminación de mecanismos de resistencia llegando a convertirse en un problema de salud pública motivo Objetivo: El objetivo de la investigación fue determinar el porcentaje de aislamiento y susceptibilidad antimicrobiana aislados de urocultivos en el Hospital Belén de Trujillo, La Libertad – Perú 2024. Métodos: Este estudio observacional, retrospectivo analizo todas las historias clínicas de los pacientes que acudieron a los servicios de consulta externa, emergencia y hospitalización del Hospital Belén de Trujillo en el periodo de enero a junio del 2024. Se excluyeron pacientes menos de 20 años y mayores de 70 años. Resultados: Los resultados mostraron una prevalencia general de urocultivos positivos del 67,9%, afectando principalmente a mujeres (78,1%) en comparación con hombres (21,9%). En relación con los agentes causales, Escherichia coli fue el patógeno predominante, responsable del 76,0% de los casos de ITU, seguido por Klebsiella pneumoniae con un 9,6%. Además, se identificaron variaciones significativas en los patrones de susceptibilidad antimicrobiana, lo que resalta la necesidad de ajustar los esquemas terapéuticos en función de los perfiles locales de resistencia. El grupo etario más afectado fue el de 60 a 70 años, con una prevalencia del 41,1%. Conclusiones: Este estudio evidenció una alta prevalencia de ITU en pacientes mayores, especialmente en mujeres, y subraya la importancia de implementar estrategias de vigilancia y un uso racional de antibióticos para mejorar el manejo de estas infecciones.
Background: Urinary tract infections are mostly caused by Enterobacteriaceae species, however, isolations of agents other than these that cause urinary tract infections have been reported, which over time have acquired resistance to antibiotics due to their indiscriminate use, which has favored the creation, adaptation and dissemination of resistance mechanisms, becoming a public health problem. Objective: The objective of the research was to determine the percentage of isolation and antimicrobial susceptibility isolated from urine cultures at the Belén de Trujillo Hospital, La Libertad - Perú 2024. Methods: This observational, retrospective study analyzed all the medical records of patients who attended the outpatient, emergency and inpatient services of the Belén de Trujillo Hospital in the period from January to June 2024. Patients under 20 years of age and over 70 years of age were excluded. Results: The results showed an overall prevalence of positive urine cultures of 67.9%, affecting mainly women (78.1%) compared to men (21.9%). Regarding the causative agents, Escherichia coli was the predominant pathogen, responsible for 76.0% of UTI cases, followed by Klebsiella pneumoniae with 9.6%. In addition, significant variations in antimicrobial susceptibility patterns were identified, highlighting the need to adjust therapeutic regimens based on local resistance profiles. The most affected age group was 60 to 70 years, with a prevalence of 41.1%. Conclusions: This study showed a high prevalence of UTI in older patients, especially in women, and underlines the importance of implementing surveillance strategies and rational use of antibiotics to improve the management of these infections.
Background: Urinary tract infections are mostly caused by Enterobacteriaceae species, however, isolations of agents other than these that cause urinary tract infections have been reported, which over time have acquired resistance to antibiotics due to their indiscriminate use, which has favored the creation, adaptation and dissemination of resistance mechanisms, becoming a public health problem. Objective: The objective of the research was to determine the percentage of isolation and antimicrobial susceptibility isolated from urine cultures at the Belén de Trujillo Hospital, La Libertad - Perú 2024. Methods: This observational, retrospective study analyzed all the medical records of patients who attended the outpatient, emergency and inpatient services of the Belén de Trujillo Hospital in the period from January to June 2024. Patients under 20 years of age and over 70 years of age were excluded. Results: The results showed an overall prevalence of positive urine cultures of 67.9%, affecting mainly women (78.1%) compared to men (21.9%). Regarding the causative agents, Escherichia coli was the predominant pathogen, responsible for 76.0% of UTI cases, followed by Klebsiella pneumoniae with 9.6%. In addition, significant variations in antimicrobial susceptibility patterns were identified, highlighting the need to adjust therapeutic regimens based on local resistance profiles. The most affected age group was 60 to 70 years, with a prevalence of 41.1%. Conclusions: This study showed a high prevalence of UTI in older patients, especially in women, and underlines the importance of implementing surveillance strategies and rational use of antibiotics to improve the management of these infections.
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Keywords
Susceptibilidad antimicrobiana, infecciones urinarias, antibiótico, urocultivos.