El consentimiento libre, previo e informado y su garantía jurídica en el proceso nacional de consulta previa
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Date
2021
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Universidad Nacional de Trujillo
Abstract
Los pueblos indígenas de nuestra región, sufren hace años los estragos de la despreocupación de los gobiernos por impulsar leyes y políticas públicas que preserven su vida y derechos colectivos, debido al conflicto que existen entre ellos y las actividades que impulsan el crecimiento económico de los Estados; por tal motivo, los Estados ratifican el Convenio 169 y firman la Declaración de las NN.UU. sobre los derechos de estos pueblos, que tienen como piedra angular, la consulta y el consentimiento. En este escenario, el Perú promulga la Ley de Consulta Previa N° 29785 y su Reglamento, precisando los criterios, la configuración del proceso y la obtención de acuerdos o consentimiento, como finalidad; por ello, la investigación tuvo por objeto determinar si es que existe una garantía jurídica efectiva del consentimiento en el proceso nacional de consulta, de acuerdo a los estándares internacionales; realizándose para ello un estudio teórico y el análisis de procesos de consulta culminados; concluyéndose que no existe una garantía jurídica efectiva, incumpliendo el Estado sus obligaciones contraídas en los Arts. 26 y 27 de la Convención de Viena de 1969, Arts. 1.1, 2 y 68 de la CADH, Art. 02 del PIDCP y el principio pro homine. Palabras claves: pueblos indígenas / consulta previa / Consentimiento libre, previo e informado / proceso de consulta previa del Perú / vulneración de derechos humanos / incumplimiento estatal / conflictos sociales
ABSTRAC The indigenous peoples of our region have suffered for years the ravages of the lack of concern of the governments to promote laws and public policies that preserve their lives and collective rights, due to the conflict that exists between them and the activities that promote the economic growth of the States. ; For this reason, the States ratify Convention 169 and sign the UN Declaration on the rights of these peoples, whose cornerstone is consultation and consent. In this scenario, Peru promulgates the Prior Consultation Law No. 29785 and its Regulations, specifying the criteria, the configuration of the process and the obtaining of agreements or consent, as a purpose; Therefore, the purpose of the investigation was to determine whether there is an effective legal guarantee of consent in the national consultation process, in accordance with international standards; carrying out a theoretical study and analysis of completed consultation processes; concluding that there is no effective legal guarantee, the State in breach of its obligations under Arts. 26 and 27 of the 1969 Vienna Convention, Arts. 1.1, 2 and 68 of the ACHR, Art. 02 of the ICCPR and the pro homine principle. Keywords: indigenous peoples / prior consultation / free, prior and informed consent / prior consultation process in Peru / violation of human rights / state non-compliance / social conflicts Biblio
ABSTRAC The indigenous peoples of our region have suffered for years the ravages of the lack of concern of the governments to promote laws and public policies that preserve their lives and collective rights, due to the conflict that exists between them and the activities that promote the economic growth of the States. ; For this reason, the States ratify Convention 169 and sign the UN Declaration on the rights of these peoples, whose cornerstone is consultation and consent. In this scenario, Peru promulgates the Prior Consultation Law No. 29785 and its Regulations, specifying the criteria, the configuration of the process and the obtaining of agreements or consent, as a purpose; Therefore, the purpose of the investigation was to determine whether there is an effective legal guarantee of consent in the national consultation process, in accordance with international standards; carrying out a theoretical study and analysis of completed consultation processes; concluding that there is no effective legal guarantee, the State in breach of its obligations under Arts. 26 and 27 of the 1969 Vienna Convention, Arts. 1.1, 2 and 68 of the ACHR, Art. 02 of the ICCPR and the pro homine principle. Keywords: indigenous peoples / prior consultation / free, prior and informed consent / prior consultation process in Peru / violation of human rights / state non-compliance / social conflicts Biblio
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Keywords
Garantía jurídica, Consulta previa