Efecto de los pretratamientos con ultrasonido y cloruro de colina - ácido láctico en la cinética de hidrólisis enzimática de coronta de maíz amarillo
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Date
2024
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Universidad Nacional de Trujillo
Abstract
En los últimos años, se viene investigando la aplicación de los Disolventes eutécticos profundos (DES), como pretratamiento, debido a su gran poder de deslignificación; además, de ser biodegradable, tener un bajo costo y no generar residuos tóxicos contra el medio ambiente, a comparación con los pretratamientos comúnmente aplicados como los químicos. El objetivo de esta investigación fue evaluar el efecto de los pretratamientos con Cloruro de colina - Ácido láctico (DES), Ultrasonido y la combinación de ambos en los compuestos lignocelulósicos y en la cinética de hidrólisis enzimática con celulasa de Aspergillus Níger. La fibra de coronta homogenizada (FCH) fue sometida a pretratamientos con DES a 95°C por 8h (FCHD); con Ultrasonido a 25°C, 40kHz, 215 W por 1 h (FCHU); con la combinación de DES – ultrasonido (FCHDU) y con la combinación de ultrasonido – DES (FCHUD). Posteriormente, las biomasas pretratadas fueron hidrolizadas con 150 Ucelulasa / gsustrato en 30 ml de acetato de sodio a 37°C, pH 5.5, 100 rpm por 72 h. Los resultados mostraron que con la aplicación de los pretratamientos FCHDU y FCHUD se removió lignina en un 51.392% y 50.939%; y se obtuvo una recuperación de sólido de celulosa del 58.142% y 57.962%, respectivamente. La cinética de hidrólisis enzimática se evaluó por 72 h; sin embargo, el equilibrio se alcanzó a las 36 h. Los contenidos de glucosa del hidrolizado final de las muestras FCH, FCHD, FCHU, FCHDU y FCHUD fueron 16.820 g/L, 20.415 g/L, 16.631 g/L, 22.365 g/L y 24.152 g/L, respectivamente. Siendo el pretratamiento FCHUD, el que generó mayor producción de glucosa, representando un aumento del 43.59% respecto a la cantidad de glucosa de la muestra FCH. Así mismo, se determinó que el porcentaje de conversión de celulosa fue de 93.50% para el pretratamiento FCHUD, lo que significa la obtención de 483.05 mg de glucosa / g de FCH. En conclusión, todos los pretratamientos utilizados en este estudio afectaron el contenido de compuestos lignocelulósicos y aumentaron la eficiencia de la hidrólisis enzimática. Además, es importante considerar la combinación y secuencia de aplicación de los pretratamientos, siendo el pretratamiento combinado Ultrasonido – DES el que mejores resultados mostró.
ABSTRACT In recent years, the application of Deep Eutectic Solvents (DES) has been investigated, as a pretreatment, due to its great power of delignification; in addition, to be biodegradable, have a low cost and not generate toxic waste against the environment, compared to commonly applied pretreatments such as chemicals. The aim of this research was to evaluate the effect of choline-lactic acid (DES) pretreatments, ultrasound and the combination of both on lignocellulosic compounds and on the kinetics of enzymatic hydrolysis with cellulase of Aspergillus Niger. Homogenized corncob fiber (FCH) was pre-treated with DES at 95°C per 8h (FCHD); with Ultrasound at 25°C, 40kHz, 215 W per 1 h (FCHU); with the combination of DES - ultrasound (FCHDU) and with the combination of ultrasound - DES (FCHUD). Subsequently, pretreated biomas were hydrolyzed with 150 Ucelulase / gsubstrate in 30 ml of sodium acetate at 37°C, pH 5.5, 100 rpm for 72 h. The results showed that with the application of the pretreatments FCHDU and FCHUD, lignin was removed in 51.392% and 50.939%; and a recovery of cellulose solid was obtained of 58.142% and 57.962%, respectively. Enzymatic hydrolysis kinetics was evaluated for 72 h; however, the equilibrium was reached at 36 h. The glucose contents of the final hydrolysate of the samples FCH, FCHD, FCHU, FCHDU and FCHUD were 16.820 g/L, 20.415 g/L, 16.631 g/L, 22.365 g/L and 24.152 g/L, respectively. It was the FCHUD pretreatment, which generated the highest glucose production, representing an increase of 43.59% over the amount of glucose in the FCH sample. Likewise, it was determined that the percentage of cellulose conversion was 93.50% for the FCHUD pretreatment, which means obtaining 483.05 mg of glucose/g of FCHD. In conclusion, all pretreatments used in this study affected the content of lignocellulosic compounds and increased the efficiency of enzymatic hydrolysis. In addition, it’s important to consider the combination and sequence of application of the pretreatments, being the combined pretreatment Ultrasound - DES which showed the best results.
ABSTRACT In recent years, the application of Deep Eutectic Solvents (DES) has been investigated, as a pretreatment, due to its great power of delignification; in addition, to be biodegradable, have a low cost and not generate toxic waste against the environment, compared to commonly applied pretreatments such as chemicals. The aim of this research was to evaluate the effect of choline-lactic acid (DES) pretreatments, ultrasound and the combination of both on lignocellulosic compounds and on the kinetics of enzymatic hydrolysis with cellulase of Aspergillus Niger. Homogenized corncob fiber (FCH) was pre-treated with DES at 95°C per 8h (FCHD); with Ultrasound at 25°C, 40kHz, 215 W per 1 h (FCHU); with the combination of DES - ultrasound (FCHDU) and with the combination of ultrasound - DES (FCHUD). Subsequently, pretreated biomas were hydrolyzed with 150 Ucelulase / gsubstrate in 30 ml of sodium acetate at 37°C, pH 5.5, 100 rpm for 72 h. The results showed that with the application of the pretreatments FCHDU and FCHUD, lignin was removed in 51.392% and 50.939%; and a recovery of cellulose solid was obtained of 58.142% and 57.962%, respectively. Enzymatic hydrolysis kinetics was evaluated for 72 h; however, the equilibrium was reached at 36 h. The glucose contents of the final hydrolysate of the samples FCH, FCHD, FCHU, FCHDU and FCHUD were 16.820 g/L, 20.415 g/L, 16.631 g/L, 22.365 g/L and 24.152 g/L, respectively. It was the FCHUD pretreatment, which generated the highest glucose production, representing an increase of 43.59% over the amount of glucose in the FCH sample. Likewise, it was determined that the percentage of cellulose conversion was 93.50% for the FCHUD pretreatment, which means obtaining 483.05 mg of glucose/g of FCHD. In conclusion, all pretreatments used in this study affected the content of lignocellulosic compounds and increased the efficiency of enzymatic hydrolysis. In addition, it’s important to consider the combination and sequence of application of the pretreatments, being the combined pretreatment Ultrasound - DES which showed the best results.
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Keywords
Fibra de coronta de maíz, Cloruro de colina - Ácido láctico, Ultrasonido, Compuestos lignocelulósicos, Celulasa, Hidrólisis enzimática, Glucosa