Diseño de riego por aspersión para una parcela demostrativa de 1 Ha. para manejar los cultivos altoandinos en el Caserio San Miguel. Distrito Sinsicap. Provincia Otuzco. Región La Libertad
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Date
2018
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Universidad Nacional de Trujillo
Abstract
Frente a las necesidades socioeconómicas del caserío de San Miguel presentamos un proyecto, para así poder contribuir al desarrollo del caserío, la instalación de una parcela demostrativa con riego por aspersión, para cultivar cultivos altoandinos más representativos de la zona ( papa, trigo, arveja y habas), nos lleva a realizar varios etapas de estudio y análisis de la lugar, Los estudios realizados fueron, un recorrido del lugar, levantamiento topográfico, recopilación de información de los agricultores, entre otros puntos. Dentro de los análisis que se realizó están los de suelo y agua, en conjunto con el laboratorio de INIA, obteniéndose como resultado un suelo franco- arenoso y tipo de agua C1S1, y otros parámetros aptos para cualquier tipo de cultivo. Para poder instalar el sistema de riego por aspersión de los cuatro cultivos más resaltantes de la zona, realizamos el diseño agronómico de los cultivos en base a datos meteorológicos obtenidos de la estación más cerca al caserío llamada marmot de la provincia de Gran Chimú, y con el tipo de suelo analizado, se obtiene un tiempo de riego de entre seis y siete horas con una frecuencia de cada siete días, el aspersor se eligió en relación a su presión de trabajo de 2.5 bar color de boquilla violeta. En relación el diseño hidráulico se realizó en el programa watercad con el que se obtuvo medidas, diámetros, perdidas y velocidad. Se trabajara con tuberías de PVC de 63 mm clase 5 en la línea de conducción y matriz, excepción del tramo, para unir los lotes tres y cuatro que se hará con tuberías de 63 mm clase 7, para la distribución utilizamos tuberías de PVC desde 1 1/2 de pulgadas hasta la de 1/2. La presión de trabajo a utilizar nos basamos a la presión del aspersor. La instalación del sistema de riego por aspersión nos trae consigo un costo, para ello se trabajó en el programa S10 de donde se obtuvo que para poder instalar este sistema requerimos un monto de 24348.33 nuevos soles. Más los costos por IGV y utilidad que aumentan el presupuesto a un aproximado de 30000, 00 soles.
ABSTRACT Faced with the socio-economic needs of the village of San Miguel, we presented a project, in order to contribute to the development of the hamlet, the installation of a demonstration plot with sprinkler irrigation, to cultivate the most representative highland crops in the area (potatoes, wheat, peas and beans), it takes us to carry out several stages of study and analysis of the place, the studies carried out were, a tour of the place, topographical survey, compilation of information of the farmers, among other points. Among the analyzes that were carried out are those of soil and water, in conjunction with the laboratory of INIA, obtaining as a result a sandy loamy soil and water type C1S1, and other parameters suitable for any type of crop. In order to install the sprinkler irrigation system of the four most outstanding crops in the area, we carried out the agronomic design of the crops based on meteorological data obtained from the station closest to the hamlet called marmot in the province of Gran Chimú, and the type of soil analyzed, an irrigation time of between six and seven hours is obtained with a frequency of every seven days, the sprinkler was chosen in relation to its working pressure of 2.5 bar violet nozzle color. In relation the hydraulic design was carried out in the watercad program with which measurements, diameters, losses and speed were obtained. We will work with PVC pipes of 63 mm class 5 in the line of conduction and matrix, exception of the section, to join the lots three and four that will be made with 63 mm class 7 pipes, for the distribution we use PVC pipes from 1 1/2 of an inch to 1/2. The working pressure to be used is based on the pressure of the sprinkler. The installation of the sprinkler irrigation system brings us a cost, for which we worked in the S10 program where it was obtained that in order to install this system we required an amount of 24348.33 nuevos soles. Plus the costs for IGV and utility that increase the budget to an approximate of 30000, 00 soles.
ABSTRACT Faced with the socio-economic needs of the village of San Miguel, we presented a project, in order to contribute to the development of the hamlet, the installation of a demonstration plot with sprinkler irrigation, to cultivate the most representative highland crops in the area (potatoes, wheat, peas and beans), it takes us to carry out several stages of study and analysis of the place, the studies carried out were, a tour of the place, topographical survey, compilation of information of the farmers, among other points. Among the analyzes that were carried out are those of soil and water, in conjunction with the laboratory of INIA, obtaining as a result a sandy loamy soil and water type C1S1, and other parameters suitable for any type of crop. In order to install the sprinkler irrigation system of the four most outstanding crops in the area, we carried out the agronomic design of the crops based on meteorological data obtained from the station closest to the hamlet called marmot in the province of Gran Chimú, and the type of soil analyzed, an irrigation time of between six and seven hours is obtained with a frequency of every seven days, the sprinkler was chosen in relation to its working pressure of 2.5 bar violet nozzle color. In relation the hydraulic design was carried out in the watercad program with which measurements, diameters, losses and speed were obtained. We will work with PVC pipes of 63 mm class 5 in the line of conduction and matrix, exception of the section, to join the lots three and four that will be made with 63 mm class 7 pipes, for the distribution we use PVC pipes from 1 1/2 of an inch to 1/2. The working pressure to be used is based on the pressure of the sprinkler. The installation of the sprinkler irrigation system brings us a cost, for which we worked in the S10 program where it was obtained that in order to install this system we required an amount of 24348.33 nuevos soles. Plus the costs for IGV and utility that increase the budget to an approximate of 30000, 00 soles.
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Keywords
Riego, Cultivos, Aspersión