Efecto del material particulado PM2.5 en la calidad del aire por quema de Saccharum officinarum en Laredo, Trujillo-Perú
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Date
2024
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Universidad Nacional de Trujillo
Abstract
Este estudio indaga en el impacto del material particulado PM2.5 derivado de la quema de
campos de cultivo de caña de azúcar en la agroindustria de Laredo durante el periodo de 2017 a
2022. Para adquirir datos meteorológicos, se empleó el modelo Weather Research and Forecasting
(WRF) con una resolución espacial de 1 km y 40 niveles verticales, cubriendo la provincia de Trujillo
y áreas del océano Pacífico. La validez de los resultados del WRF se confirmó mediante la
comparación con datos observados, demostrando una alta correlación y capacidad para prever las
condiciones meteorológicas.
Para simular la dispersión de partículas particulado PM2.5, se utilizó el modelo regulado
por la EPA, Calpuff. Este modelo se validó con datos de quemas controladas y se exploraron varios
escenarios de quema de caña de azúcar. El análisis estratificado de la quema de parcelas reveló
concentraciones máximas de material particulado PM2.5 en áreas cercanas a las fuentes de emisión,
excediendo los estándares de calidad del aire, especialmente durante los meses de junio a noviembre,
influenciados por vientos del sur sureste y condiciones de inversión de subsidencia del anticiclón
subtropical.
En 2021, los días críticos se caracterizaron por vientos en calma. Con respecto a las
emisiones de particulado PM2.5 durante la quema de campos, se observó que la quema de 3 hectáreas
generó un índice de calidad moderado registrado en el 60.47% de los receptores, mientras que la
quema de 6 y 9 hectáreas resultó en una categoría de umbral de cuidado, afectando al 32.56% y al
43.41% respectivamente.
This study investigates the impact of PM2.5 particulate matter derived from the burning of sugarcane fields in the Laredo agroindustry during the period from 2017 to 2022. To acquire meteorological data, the Weather Research and Forecasting (WRF) model was employed with a spatial resolution of 1 km and 40 vertical levels, covering the province of Trujillo and areas of the Pacific Ocean. The validity of the WRF results was confirmed through comparison with observed data, demonstrating a high correlation and ability to forecast meteorological conditions. To simulate the dispersion of PM2.5 particulate matter, the Calpuff model regulated by the EPA was used. This model was validated with controlled burning data, and various sugarcane burning scenarios were explored. Stratified analysis of field burning revealed maximum concentrations of PM2.5 particulate matter in areas near emission sources, exceeding air quality standards, especially during the months of June to November, influenced by southeasterly winds and subsidence inversion conditions of the subtropical anticyclone. In 2021, critical days were characterized by calm winds. Regarding PM2.5 particulate emissions during field burning, it was observed that burning of 3 hectares resulted in a moderate quality index recorded in 60.47% of receptors, while burning of 6 and 9 hectares resulted in a care threshold category, affecting 32.56% and 43.41%, respectively, of receptors.
This study investigates the impact of PM2.5 particulate matter derived from the burning of sugarcane fields in the Laredo agroindustry during the period from 2017 to 2022. To acquire meteorological data, the Weather Research and Forecasting (WRF) model was employed with a spatial resolution of 1 km and 40 vertical levels, covering the province of Trujillo and areas of the Pacific Ocean. The validity of the WRF results was confirmed through comparison with observed data, demonstrating a high correlation and ability to forecast meteorological conditions. To simulate the dispersion of PM2.5 particulate matter, the Calpuff model regulated by the EPA was used. This model was validated with controlled burning data, and various sugarcane burning scenarios were explored. Stratified analysis of field burning revealed maximum concentrations of PM2.5 particulate matter in areas near emission sources, exceeding air quality standards, especially during the months of June to November, influenced by southeasterly winds and subsidence inversion conditions of the subtropical anticyclone. In 2021, critical days were characterized by calm winds. Regarding PM2.5 particulate emissions during field burning, it was observed that burning of 3 hectares resulted in a moderate quality index recorded in 60.47% of receptors, while burning of 6 and 9 hectares resulted in a care threshold category, affecting 32.56% and 43.41%, respectively, of receptors.
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