Percepción de enfermería en los cuidados paliativos de pacientes con cáncer terminal en tiempos de pandemia
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Date
2025
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Universidad Nacional de Trujillo
Abstract
El objetivo del estudio implicó analizar la percepción de enfermería en el cuidado paliativo de pacientes con cáncer terminal en tiempos de pandemia en un hospital de la ciudad de Guayaquil. La metodología fue cualitativa, descriptiva, se utilizó la entrevista semiestructurada de 12 preguntas a 15 profesionales de enfermería. Los resultados revelaron que la percepción del personal de enfermería en los cuidados paliativos durante la pandemia estuvo marcada por desafíos y adaptaciones. La categoría central identificada fue “Percepción de enfermería en los cuidados paliativos de pacientes con cáncer terminal en tiempos de pandemia”. En la primera subcategoría, "Percepción de enfermería sobre la experiencia y desafíos en los cuidados paliativos", los enfermeros enfrentaron una sobrecarga laboral y escasez de recursos, lo que complicó el cuidado. La segunda subcategoría, "Percepción de enfermería en la dinámica de relación con pacientes de cuidado paliativo y sus familias", mostró una disminución en la interacción, afectando el apoyo emocional brindado. La tercera subcategoría, "Percepción del enfermero en la práctica del cuidado paliativo durante la pandemia", destacó los cambios en la práctica diaria debido a las medidas de bioseguridad. En cuanto a las categorías derivadas, la primera, "Percepción del estado emocional y bienestar psicológico del personal de enfermería en el servicio de cuidados paliativos", reflejó estrés y ansiedad, y la segunda, "Percepción del enfermero sobre la conexión emocional y humana con pacientes durante la pandemia", indicó un debilitamiento en la conexión emocional con los pacientes. Se desarrolló una propuesta fundamentada según las principales necesidades identificadas, que buscan mejorar la calidad de la atención en cuidados paliativos a través de la promoción de la colaboración interdisciplinaria y la atención humanizada.
The objective of the study involved analyzing the perception of nursing in the palliative care of terminally ill cancer patients during the pandemic in a hospital in the city of Guayaquil. The methodology was qualitative, descriptive, using a 12-question semi-structured interview with 15 nursing professionals. The results revealed that the perception of nursing staff in palliative care during the pandemic was marked by challenges and adaptations. The central category identified was “Nursing perception in palliative care of terminally ill cancer patients during the pandemic.” In the first subcategory, “Nursing perception on the experience and challenges in palliative care,” nurses faced work overload and a shortage of resources, which complicated care. The second subcategory, “Nursing perception in the dynamics of the relationship with palliative care patients and their families,” showed a decrease in interaction, affecting the emotional support provided. The third subcategory, "Nurses' perception of palliative care practice during the pandemic," highlighted changes in daily practice due to biosafety measures. Regarding the derived categories, the first, "Perception of the emotional state and psychological well-being of nursing staff in the palliative care service," reflected stress and anxiety, and the second, "Nurses' perception of the emotional and human connection with patients during the pandemic," indicated a weakening of the emotional connection with patients. A proposal was developed based on the main needs identified, which seek to improve the quality of care in palliative care through the promotion of interdisciplinary collaboration and humanized care.
The objective of the study involved analyzing the perception of nursing in the palliative care of terminally ill cancer patients during the pandemic in a hospital in the city of Guayaquil. The methodology was qualitative, descriptive, using a 12-question semi-structured interview with 15 nursing professionals. The results revealed that the perception of nursing staff in palliative care during the pandemic was marked by challenges and adaptations. The central category identified was “Nursing perception in palliative care of terminally ill cancer patients during the pandemic.” In the first subcategory, “Nursing perception on the experience and challenges in palliative care,” nurses faced work overload and a shortage of resources, which complicated care. The second subcategory, “Nursing perception in the dynamics of the relationship with palliative care patients and their families,” showed a decrease in interaction, affecting the emotional support provided. The third subcategory, "Nurses' perception of palliative care practice during the pandemic," highlighted changes in daily practice due to biosafety measures. Regarding the derived categories, the first, "Perception of the emotional state and psychological well-being of nursing staff in the palliative care service," reflected stress and anxiety, and the second, "Nurses' perception of the emotional and human connection with patients during the pandemic," indicated a weakening of the emotional connection with patients. A proposal was developed based on the main needs identified, which seek to improve the quality of care in palliative care through the promotion of interdisciplinary collaboration and humanized care.
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Keywords
Percepción, Cuidado de enfermería, Pacientes con cáncer, Etapa terminal, Pandemia