Eficiencia de riego y necesidades hídricas de 95,033 Ha de caña de azúcar (Saccharum officinarum) bajo riego por pivote. Empresa Agrolmos. Lambayeque, 2022
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Date
2023
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Universidad Nacional de Trujillo
Abstract
El presente trabajo de investigación tuvo por objetivo determinar la Eficiencia de riego y necesidades hídricas de caña de 95,033 ha de azúcar (Saccharum officinarum) bajo riego por pivote en la empresa Agrolmos, para ello se caracterizó el suelo, se determinó el coeficiente de uniformidad y las necesidades hídricas de riego. En la caracterización se tomaron muestras de suelo y agua; analizando las características físicas y químicas, en la determinación del CU, se realizó mediciones de presión y aforo volumétrico en los aspersores y para las necesidades hídricas, se utilizó el programa Cropwat para hallar la evapotranspiración potencial y posteriormente hallar la necesidad hídrica anual. Se obtuvo una Capacidad de campo de 11,1 % y Punto de Marchitez permanente de 4,1 %, lo cual nos indicó que el suelo era de textura arenosa. La conductividad eléctrica fue 0,47 dS/m y su PH 7,67, lo cual nos indicó que no existen problemas de salinidad y era un suelo ligeramente alcalino. El análisis de agua se encontró dentro de la categoría C2-51, lo que nos demostró que era agua de buena calidad y apta para riego. El sistema de riego tuvo un coeficiente de uniformidad de 84 % por el método del cuarto inferior y de 91,5 % por el método de Herrmann y Hein, por lo tanto, se encontraba dentro del rango del valor "ACEPTABLE" de la eficiencia del riego. El valor del requerimiento hídrico anual del cultivo de caña de azúcar en el periodo de un año de campaña fue de 15 497,31 m3/ha/año y con respecto a la lámina de riego programada de 7 mm, la media aplicada fue de 6,57 mm, es decir una variación del 5 %, lo que nos indicó que se estaba aportando al cultivo sus requerimientos hídricos necesarios.
ABSTRACT The objective of this research work was to determine the irrigation efficiency and water needs of sugar cane (Saccharum officinarum) under pivot irrigation in the Agrolmos company, for this the soil was characterized, the coefficient of uniformity and water needs. In the characterization, soil and water samples were taken; Analyzing the physical and chemical characteristics, in the determination of the UC, pressure and volumetric capacity measurements were made in the sprinklers and for water needs, the Cropwat program was used to find the potential evapotranspiration and later find the annual water need. A field capacity of 11,1 % and a permanent wilting point of 4,1 % were obtained, which indicated that the soil had a sandy texture. The electrical conductivity was 0,47 dS/m and its PH 7,67, which indicated that there are no salinity problems and it was a slightly alkaline soil. The water analysis was found within the C2-51 category, which showed us that it was good quality water and suitable for irrigation. The irrigation system had a coefficient of uniformity of 84 % by the lower quarter method and 91,5 % by the Heermann and Hein method, therefore, it was within the range of the "ACCEPTABLE" value of the irrigation efficiency. The value of the annual water requirement of the sugarcane crop in the period of a campaign year was 15 531,26 m3/ha/year and with respect to the programmed irrigation sheet of 7 mm, the average applied was 6,57 mm, that is to say a variation of 5 %, which indicated that the necessary water requirements were being provided to the crop.
ABSTRACT The objective of this research work was to determine the irrigation efficiency and water needs of sugar cane (Saccharum officinarum) under pivot irrigation in the Agrolmos company, for this the soil was characterized, the coefficient of uniformity and water needs. In the characterization, soil and water samples were taken; Analyzing the physical and chemical characteristics, in the determination of the UC, pressure and volumetric capacity measurements were made in the sprinklers and for water needs, the Cropwat program was used to find the potential evapotranspiration and later find the annual water need. A field capacity of 11,1 % and a permanent wilting point of 4,1 % were obtained, which indicated that the soil had a sandy texture. The electrical conductivity was 0,47 dS/m and its PH 7,67, which indicated that there are no salinity problems and it was a slightly alkaline soil. The water analysis was found within the C2-51 category, which showed us that it was good quality water and suitable for irrigation. The irrigation system had a coefficient of uniformity of 84 % by the lower quarter method and 91,5 % by the Heermann and Hein method, therefore, it was within the range of the "ACCEPTABLE" value of the irrigation efficiency. The value of the annual water requirement of the sugarcane crop in the period of a campaign year was 15 531,26 m3/ha/year and with respect to the programmed irrigation sheet of 7 mm, the average applied was 6,57 mm, that is to say a variation of 5 %, which indicated that the necessary water requirements were being provided to the crop.
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Keywords
Capacidad de campo, Punto de marchitez permanente, Lámina de riego, Coeficiente de uniformidad