Elementos esenciales del contrato de trabajo y su manifestación en el servicio de reparto domiciliario o delivery, Piura - 2024
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Date
2024
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Universidad Nacional de Trujillo
Abstract
El objetivo del presente estudio fue determinar si se manifiestan en los hechos los elementos esenciales para considerar como contrato de trabajo el servicio de reparto domiciliario o delivery. La metodología fue aplicada, descriptiva, realizada en Piura en relación con la empresa privada Glovo y Rappi, con una muestra de 40 trabajadores a quienes se les aplicó una encuesta; asimismo se entrevistó a 4 jueces especializados en laboral. Se encontró que la digitalización en el empleo sí interfiere en el reconocimiento de derechos laborales al trabajador, por cuanto con la digitalización se propician nuevas formas de negocio, en los que no resulta del todo evidente la presencia de los elementos que conforman una relación de trabajo; adicionalmente a ello antes que surgiera el fenómeno de la digitalización se requería que el trabajador desempeñe sus servicios en un lugar establecido por su empleador, justamente en ese panorama empresarial-industrial es que se crea las condiciones, protecciones y derechos concebidos al trabajador, sin embargo, con el fenómeno de la digitalización tal situación ya no resulta indispensable, pudiendo ser el servicio brindado a distancia o sin que se requiera contar con un lugar específico. Las empresas de plataformas digitales consideran que su actividad se concentra en el desarrollo de tecnologías y en la intermediación entre la oferta y demanda de un bien o de un servicio, entonces entienden que el prestador de ese servicio se trata de un autónomo o de un empresario independiente. Se verifica claramente una obligación de trabajar en la cantidad, momentos y en la forma en que las plataformas lo determinan. El prestador de servicios debe dedicar mucho tiempo de trabajo para obtener un beneficio económico suficiente, para vivir en cada país; y considerando que si el repartidor decide “elegir” trabajar menos horas tendrá como consecuencia que Glovo le asignará menos horas para poder elegir en las siguientes semanas debido a que esta plataforma, por lo que se sentirá obligado a seleccionar el mayor número de horas posible para poder obtener un nivel de ingresos constante. Se concluyó en que los inspectores y jueces determinen caso por caso si existe relación de laboralidad, sin que ello implique crear una legislación especial; la aprobación de normativa laboral que regule el servicio que prestan los repartidores del servicio de delivery; que exista un pleno jurisdiccional supremo en materia laboral donde se defina los alcances laborales de los repartidores de las plataformas digitales, y que estos sean considerados como trabajadores, de tal manera que no admita que alguno de ellos se encuentre desprotegido.
The objective of this study was to determine whether the essential elements to consider the home delivery service as an employment contract are manifested in the facts. The methodology was applied, descriptive, carried out in Piura in relation to the private company Glovo y Rappi, with a sample of 40 workers to whom a survey was applied; Likewise, 4 judges specialized in labor were interviewed. It was found that digitalization in employment does interfere with the recognition of labor rights to the worker, since digitalization promotes new forms of business, in which the presence of the elements that make up an employment relationship is not entirely evident. ; In addition to this, before the phenomenon of digitalization arose, the worker was required to perform his services in a place established by his employer. It is precisely in this business-industrial panorama that the conditions, protections and rights conceived for the worker are created, however , with the phenomenon of digitalization, such a situation is no longer essential, and the service may be provided remotely or without requiring a specific location. Digital platform companies consider that their activity focuses on the development of technologies and the intermediation between the supply and demand of a good or a service, so they understand that the provider of that service is a self-employed person or an entrepreneur. independent. An obligation to work in the quantity, times and in the way in which the platforms determine it is clearly verified. The service provider must dedicate a lot of work time to obtain sufficient economic benefit to live in each country; and considering that if the delivery person decides to “choose” to work fewer hours, the consequence will be that Glovo will assign him fewer hours to be able to choose in the following weeks due to this platform, so he will feel obliged to select the greatest number of hours possible to be able to obtain a constant level of income. It was concluded that inspectors and judges determine on a case-by-case basis whether an employment relationship exists, without this implying the creation of special legislation; the approval of labor regulations that regulate the service provided by delivery service drivers; that there be a supreme jurisdictional plenary session on labor matters where the employment scope of the delivery people of the digital platforms is defined, and that they are considered workers, in such a way that it does not admit that any of them are unprotected.
The objective of this study was to determine whether the essential elements to consider the home delivery service as an employment contract are manifested in the facts. The methodology was applied, descriptive, carried out in Piura in relation to the private company Glovo y Rappi, with a sample of 40 workers to whom a survey was applied; Likewise, 4 judges specialized in labor were interviewed. It was found that digitalization in employment does interfere with the recognition of labor rights to the worker, since digitalization promotes new forms of business, in which the presence of the elements that make up an employment relationship is not entirely evident. ; In addition to this, before the phenomenon of digitalization arose, the worker was required to perform his services in a place established by his employer. It is precisely in this business-industrial panorama that the conditions, protections and rights conceived for the worker are created, however , with the phenomenon of digitalization, such a situation is no longer essential, and the service may be provided remotely or without requiring a specific location. Digital platform companies consider that their activity focuses on the development of technologies and the intermediation between the supply and demand of a good or a service, so they understand that the provider of that service is a self-employed person or an entrepreneur. independent. An obligation to work in the quantity, times and in the way in which the platforms determine it is clearly verified. The service provider must dedicate a lot of work time to obtain sufficient economic benefit to live in each country; and considering that if the delivery person decides to “choose” to work fewer hours, the consequence will be that Glovo will assign him fewer hours to be able to choose in the following weeks due to this platform, so he will feel obliged to select the greatest number of hours possible to be able to obtain a constant level of income. It was concluded that inspectors and judges determine on a case-by-case basis whether an employment relationship exists, without this implying the creation of special legislation; the approval of labor regulations that regulate the service provided by delivery service drivers; that there be a supreme jurisdictional plenary session on labor matters where the employment scope of the delivery people of the digital platforms is defined, and that they are considered workers, in such a way that it does not admit that any of them are unprotected.
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HUMANITIES and RELIGION::History and philosophy subjects::History subjects::History