Análisis de la dinámica hidrológica y áreas inundables de la cuenca del río Moche, Perú
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Date
2024
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Universidad Nacional de Trujillo
Abstract
En el presente Proyecto de investigación, se realizó el “Análisis de la dinámica
hidrológica y áreas inundables de la cuenca del Río Moche, Perú”, a necesidad por
parte del Departamento de La Libertad, para determinar la dinámica hidrológica en
la cuenca y mediante programas de simulación de riesgos y desastres, puntualizar las
zonas más propensas a sufrir impactos por las variantes de avenidas incluyendo las
mayores afectaciones que podrían darse por fenómenos del niño u otros de similar
magnitud.
Haciendo uso de una metodología actual basada en recolección de datos
meteorológicos, de estación espacial Land Sat, de cartas nacionales proporcionadas
por el SENAMHI, procesamiento mediante herramientas SIG : Arc GIS, HEC-HMS
y HEC–GeoHMS, finalmente la interpretación de los resultados obtenidos y análisis.
Para el eficiente uso, aprovechamiento sostenible y sustentable del recuro agua, para
reducir los efectos de amenazas de déficit hídrico se realizó un estudio definido sobre
las estimaciones y pronósticos hidrodinámicos. Sin embargo, la estimación de
incremento se ve afectada por la falta de estadísticas históricas, en cuanto a máximas
avenidas, lo cual lleva al pronóstico indirecto de estos tormentas y escorrentías,
mediante el uso de modelos planteados de simulación de transformación lluvia –
caudal (P-Q), los cuales son sustentados por eventos clave hipotéticos (lluvias de
diseño). En el presente estudio de investigación se realizó un análisis de la dinámica
hidrológica de la cuenca del Río Moche, en el departamento de Ancash, para el cual
se aplicó un modelo de relación numérica para simulación que permite determinar la
relación entre velocidades promedio y superficiales en cauces del recurso hídrico,
factor fundamental para el análisis de caudales a partir del uso de softwares
especializados.
Así como también se hizo uso de distintos modelos hidráulicos actuales para el
análisis de las crecidas máximas de la cuenca. Finalmente, se presenta un análisis de
la demanda hidrológica y áreas inundables de la cuenca del río Moche.
In the present study, the "Analysis of the hydrological dynamics and flood areas of the Moche River basin, Peru" was carried out, to the need on the part of the Department of La Libertad, to determine the hydrological dynamics in the basin and through risk and disaster simulation programs, to point out the areas most prone to suffer impacts by the variants of avenues including the greatest affectations that could occur due to phenomena of the child or others. of similar magnitude. Making use of a current methodology based on meteorological data collection, Land Sat space station, national charts provided by SENAMHI, processing using GIS tools: Arc GIS, HEC-HMS and HEC-GeoHMS, finally the interpretation of the results obtained and analysis. For the sustainable use of water resources and to mitigate the effects of water threats, a defined study was carried out on the estimation and prediction of the increase in hydrological dynamics. However, the estimation of this flood is affected by the statistical insufficiency of the historical records of extreme flows, which leads to the indirect prediction of these flows through the use of rain-flow transformation models (PQ), which are fed by hypothetical critical events (design rains). In this work, an analysis of the hydrological dynamics of the Moche River basin, in the department of Ancash, was carried out. A numerical model was applied to estimate the relationship between mean and surface velocities in river courses, a fundamental parameter for calculating flow from the application of image velocimetry techniques. Then, different hydraulic models were applied for the analysis of a curved flow with a fixed bed, and they are compared with each other. Finally, an analysis of the hydrological demand and floodable areas of the Moche river basin is presented.
In the present study, the "Analysis of the hydrological dynamics and flood areas of the Moche River basin, Peru" was carried out, to the need on the part of the Department of La Libertad, to determine the hydrological dynamics in the basin and through risk and disaster simulation programs, to point out the areas most prone to suffer impacts by the variants of avenues including the greatest affectations that could occur due to phenomena of the child or others. of similar magnitude. Making use of a current methodology based on meteorological data collection, Land Sat space station, national charts provided by SENAMHI, processing using GIS tools: Arc GIS, HEC-HMS and HEC-GeoHMS, finally the interpretation of the results obtained and analysis. For the sustainable use of water resources and to mitigate the effects of water threats, a defined study was carried out on the estimation and prediction of the increase in hydrological dynamics. However, the estimation of this flood is affected by the statistical insufficiency of the historical records of extreme flows, which leads to the indirect prediction of these flows through the use of rain-flow transformation models (PQ), which are fed by hypothetical critical events (design rains). In this work, an analysis of the hydrological dynamics of the Moche River basin, in the department of Ancash, was carried out. A numerical model was applied to estimate the relationship between mean and surface velocities in river courses, a fundamental parameter for calculating flow from the application of image velocimetry techniques. Then, different hydraulic models were applied for the analysis of a curved flow with a fixed bed, and they are compared with each other. Finally, an analysis of the hydrological demand and floodable areas of the Moche river basin is presented.
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Keywords
Análisis hídrico, Inundación, Dinámica hidrológica