Niveles de Citotoxicidad y Genotoxicidad de las aguas de los ríos Jequetepeque y Moche usando el Bioindicador Ambiental Allium cepa L.
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Date
2016
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Universidad Nacional de Trujillo
Abstract
El objetivo del trabajo fue determinar los niveles de citotoxicidad y genotoxicidad que presentan las aguas de los ríos Jequetepeque y Moche en las células meristemáticas del bioindicador Allium cepa L., las muestras fueron tomadas en las cuencas alta, media y baja. Los bulbos de A. cepa L. fueron adquiridas en un supermercado de la cuidad de Trujillo; luego, en el laboratorío de biología molecular y celular de la Universidad Nacional de Trujillo, se indujeron el crecimiento de las raicillas de los bulbos. El grupo testigo estuvo conformado por un tratamiento (T1), el grupo experimental está compuesto por los tratamientos T2,T3 y T4 formados por tres bulbos de A. cepa L. .frente a las aguas de río Jequetepeque; los tratamientos T5, T6 y T7 formados por tres bulbos de A. cepa L. frente a las aguas de río Moche.
La citotoxicidad se evaluó mediante el índice mitótico e índice de fases de A. cepa L. (López y Fernández, 1965); la genotoxicidad mediante el número de aberraciones cromosómicas inducidas.
Los resultados obtenidos evidencian que el T7 de las aguas procedentes de la cuenca media del río Moche, presenta el mayor efecto citotóxico ocasionando en A. cepa L. un índice mitótico de 6.8 %. y un aumento del índice profásico de 85,6 %; así como una disminución del índice metafásico 5,4%, anafásico 4.2 % y telofásico 4,9 %. De igual manera el T7 genera la presencia de anormalidades cromosómicas como puentes anafásicos y metafases anormales, lo que indica a la vez un moderado efecto genotóxico de dichas aguas.Las aguas del río Jequetepeque no evidencia efectos citotoxicos ni genotoxicos de importancia
The aim of the work was the levels determined of citotoxicidad and genotoxicidad that present the waters of the rivers Jequetepeque and Moche in the cells meristemáticas of the bioindicador Allium cepa L., the samples were taken in the basins discharge, average and fall. The bulbs of A. cepa L. were acquired in a supermarket of her take care of Trujillo; then, in the laboratorío of molecular and cellular biology of the National University of Trujillo, induced the growth of the raicillas of the bulbs. The group witness was shaped by a treatment (T1), the experimental group is composed by the treatments T2, T3 and T4 formed by three bulbs of A. cepa L. .front to the waters of river Jequetepeque; the treatments T5, T6 and T7 formed by three bulbs of A. cepa L. opposite to the waters of river Moche. The citotoxicidad was evaluated by means of the index mitótico and phase index of A. vine-stock L. (Lopez and Fernandez, 1965); the genotoxicidad by means of the number of chromosomal induced aberrations. The obtained results demonstrate that the T7 of the waters proceeding from the basin happens of the river Moche, he presents the major cytotoxic effect causing in A. vine-stock L. an index mitótico of 6.8 %. And an increase of the index profásico of 85,6 %; as well as a decrease of the index metafásico 5,4 %, anafásico 4.2 % and telofásico 4,9 %. Of equal way the T7 there generates the presence of chromosomal abnormalities as bridges anafásicos and metafases abnormal, which indicates simultaneously a moderate effect genotóxico of the above mentioned waters. The waters of the river Jequetepeque it does not demonstrate cytotoxic effects not genotoxicos of importance.
The aim of the work was the levels determined of citotoxicidad and genotoxicidad that present the waters of the rivers Jequetepeque and Moche in the cells meristemáticas of the bioindicador Allium cepa L., the samples were taken in the basins discharge, average and fall. The bulbs of A. cepa L. were acquired in a supermarket of her take care of Trujillo; then, in the laboratorío of molecular and cellular biology of the National University of Trujillo, induced the growth of the raicillas of the bulbs. The group witness was shaped by a treatment (T1), the experimental group is composed by the treatments T2, T3 and T4 formed by three bulbs of A. cepa L. .front to the waters of river Jequetepeque; the treatments T5, T6 and T7 formed by three bulbs of A. cepa L. opposite to the waters of river Moche. The citotoxicidad was evaluated by means of the index mitótico and phase index of A. vine-stock L. (Lopez and Fernandez, 1965); the genotoxicidad by means of the number of chromosomal induced aberrations. The obtained results demonstrate that the T7 of the waters proceeding from the basin happens of the river Moche, he presents the major cytotoxic effect causing in A. vine-stock L. an index mitótico of 6.8 %. And an increase of the index profásico of 85,6 %; as well as a decrease of the index metafásico 5,4 %, anafásico 4.2 % and telofásico 4,9 %. Of equal way the T7 there generates the presence of chromosomal abnormalities as bridges anafásicos and metafases abnormal, which indicates simultaneously a moderate effect genotóxico of the above mentioned waters. The waters of the river Jequetepeque it does not demonstrate cytotoxic effects not genotoxicos of importance.
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Keywords
Allium cepa L., Citotoxicidad, Genotoxicidad, Río Jequetepeque, Río Moche