Modos de cuidar de la enfermera al recién nacido con ventilación mecánica en el Hospital Víctor Lazarte Echegaray
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Date
2023
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Universidad Nacional de Trujillo
Abstract
Estudio de investigación de abordaje cualitativo y método fenomenológico, consistió
en interpretar y comprender los fenómenos descritos por las participantes en su ambiente
natural. Se llevó a cabo en la Unidad de Cuidados Intensivos Neonatales del Hospital
Víctor Lazarte Echegaray - Es Salud, Trujillo. El propósito es comprender los modos de
cuidar, interpretar y develar el sentido del cuidado y el uso de la tecnología desde la
perspectiva de la enfermera. Las bases teórico- filosóficas se sustentan en la
fenomenología de Martín Heidegger, a través de sus obras “Ser y tiempo” y “La pregunta
por la técnica”. Además, se fundamenta en la “Teoría de Cuidado Humano” de Jean
Watson, aplicando el “proceso caritas” y aplicando la alineación entre cuerpo- mente y
espíritu. Para la colecta de información se utilizó la entrevista semiestructurada en
profundidad, la población de estudio estuvo constituida por 20 enfermeras que cumplían
con los criterios de selección, de rigor científico y consentimiento informado. Para el
análisis de datos se empleó el método fenomenológico de Amedeo Giorgi en 4 fases:
comprensión del sentido general del discurso, codificación e identificación de las
unidades de significado, elaboración de las subcategorías y la construcción de las
categorías. En los resultados se encontraron 4 categorías: cuidando con ciencia y
experiencia, cuidado complejo, cuidado como esencia y existencia del ser, cuidando con
técnica y tecnología. Además, se logró construir un aplicativo de acompañamiento a la
familia durante la admisión, estancia y alta hospitalaria. Se concluye que la enfermera
neonatal es el ser ahí que cuida en base a un “proceso caritas” y la innovación tecnológica
está ahí para ser utilizada en el cuidado, estos recién nacidos son seres en el mundo que
existen en el tiempo y a la vez son seres para la muerte, por estar gravemente
comprometidos.
Research study with a qualitative approach and phenomenological method, consisted of interpreting and understanding the phenomena described by the participants in their natural environment. It was carried out in the Neonatal Intensive Care Unit of the Víctor Lazarte Echegaray Hospital - Es Salud, Trujillo. The purpose is to understand the ways of caring, interpreting and revealing the meaning of care and the use of technology from the nurse's perspective. The theoretical-philosophical bases are based on the phenomenology of Martín Heidegger, through his works “Being and Time” and “The Question about Technique.” Furthermore, it is based on Jean Watson's “Theory of Human Care”, applying the “caritas process” and applying the alignment between body-mind and spirit. To collect information, an in-depth semi-structured interview was used. The study population consisted of 20 nurses who met the selection criteria of scientific rigor and informed consent. For data analysis, Amedeo Giorgi's phenomenological method was used in 4 phases: understanding the general meaning of the discourse, coding and identification of the units of meaning, elaboration of the subcategories and construction of the categories. In the results, 4 categories were found: caring with science and experience, complex care, care as the essence and existence of being, caring with technique and technology. In addition, it was possible to build an application to support the family during admission, stay and discharge from the hospital. It is concluded that the neonatal nurse is the being there that cares based on a “caritas process” and technological innovation is there to be used in care, these newborns are beings in the world that exist in time and at the same time are beings for death, because they are seriously compromised.
Research study with a qualitative approach and phenomenological method, consisted of interpreting and understanding the phenomena described by the participants in their natural environment. It was carried out in the Neonatal Intensive Care Unit of the Víctor Lazarte Echegaray Hospital - Es Salud, Trujillo. The purpose is to understand the ways of caring, interpreting and revealing the meaning of care and the use of technology from the nurse's perspective. The theoretical-philosophical bases are based on the phenomenology of Martín Heidegger, through his works “Being and Time” and “The Question about Technique.” Furthermore, it is based on Jean Watson's “Theory of Human Care”, applying the “caritas process” and applying the alignment between body-mind and spirit. To collect information, an in-depth semi-structured interview was used. The study population consisted of 20 nurses who met the selection criteria of scientific rigor and informed consent. For data analysis, Amedeo Giorgi's phenomenological method was used in 4 phases: understanding the general meaning of the discourse, coding and identification of the units of meaning, elaboration of the subcategories and construction of the categories. In the results, 4 categories were found: caring with science and experience, complex care, care as the essence and existence of being, caring with technique and technology. In addition, it was possible to build an application to support the family during admission, stay and discharge from the hospital. It is concluded that the neonatal nurse is the being there that cares based on a “caritas process” and technological innovation is there to be used in care, these newborns are beings in the world that exist in time and at the same time are beings for death, because they are seriously compromised.
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Keywords
Recién nacido, Ventilación mecánica, Cuidado de enfermería, Humanización de la atención, Cuidado intensivo neonatal