Factores asociados a la adherencia al tratamiento antihipertensivo en pacientes del distrito de Trujillo-2024
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Date
2025
Authors
Cadenillas Blas, María Luisa
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Publisher
Universidad Nacional de Trujillo
Abstract
La hipertensión arterial (HTA) es un problema de salud prevalente y un factor de riesgo modificable para eventos cardiovasculares. Identificar las causas de baja adherencia al tratamiento antihipertensivo permite colaborar con su control y aumentar la esperanza de vida del paciente. Objetivo. Identificar los factores asociados a la adherencia al tratamiento antihipertensivo en pacientes del distrito de Trujillo- 2024. Metodología. El estudio observacional, analítico de corte transversal, incluyó una muestra de 36 pacientes. Se utilizó dos instrumentos de recolección de datos, uno para medir el nivel de adherencia terapéutica y otro para identificar los factores asociados, que fueron agrupados en 4 dimensiones: factores socioeconómicos, relacionados al proveedor, relacionados a la terapia y relacionados al paciente. Para el análisis estadístico se empleó el software SPSS Statistic versión 27. Resultados. La prevalencia fue de 80,56% de no adherentes frente a un 19,44%. No se encontró asociación entre la adherencia terapéutica y los datos sociodemográficos o clínicos. De las 4 dimensiones, los factores sociodemográficos y los relacionados a la terapia presentaron valores de [5,989 (p=0,041] y [6,84 (p=0,025)], respectivamente; mostrando una asociación estadísticamente significativa con la adherencia. Conclusión. Se determinó una alta prevalencia de no adherentes, así como una asociación significativa con los factores sociodemográficos y los relacionados con la terapia, que evidencia la necesidad de mayor atención en el origen multifactorial de la no adherencia, así como compromiso del paciente y personal de salud para reducir las brechas en cuanto al control de la HTA.
ABSTRACT Hypertension (HTN) is a prevalent health problem and a modifiable risk factor for cardiovascular events. Identifying the causes of low adherence to antihypertensive treatment allows us to collaborate with its control and increase the patient's life expectancy. Objective. To identify the factors associated with adherence to antihypertensive treatment in patients in the district of Trujillo- 2024. Methodology. The observational, analytical, cross- sectional study included a sample of 36 patients. Two data collection instruments were used, one to measure the level of therapeutic adherence and the other to identify the associated factors, which were grouped into 4 dimensions: socioeconomic, provider-related, therapy-related, and patient- related factors. SPSS Statistic software version 27 was used for the statistical analysis. Results. The prevalence was 80.56% of non-adherents compared to 19.44%. No association was found between therapeutic adherence and sociodemographic or clinical data. Of the 4 dimensions, sociodemographic and therapy-related factors presented values of [5.989 (p=0.041] and [6.84 (p=0.025)], respectively; showing a statistically significant association with adherence. Conclusion. A high prevalence of nonadherence was determined, as well as a significant association with sociodemographic and therapy- related factors, which evidences the need for greater attention to the multifactorial origin of nonadherence, as well as commitment of the patient and health personnel to reduce the gaps in terms of HTN control.
ABSTRACT Hypertension (HTN) is a prevalent health problem and a modifiable risk factor for cardiovascular events. Identifying the causes of low adherence to antihypertensive treatment allows us to collaborate with its control and increase the patient's life expectancy. Objective. To identify the factors associated with adherence to antihypertensive treatment in patients in the district of Trujillo- 2024. Methodology. The observational, analytical, cross- sectional study included a sample of 36 patients. Two data collection instruments were used, one to measure the level of therapeutic adherence and the other to identify the associated factors, which were grouped into 4 dimensions: socioeconomic, provider-related, therapy-related, and patient- related factors. SPSS Statistic software version 27 was used for the statistical analysis. Results. The prevalence was 80.56% of non-adherents compared to 19.44%. No association was found between therapeutic adherence and sociodemographic or clinical data. Of the 4 dimensions, sociodemographic and therapy-related factors presented values of [5.989 (p=0.041] and [6.84 (p=0.025)], respectively; showing a statistically significant association with adherence. Conclusion. A high prevalence of nonadherence was determined, as well as a significant association with sociodemographic and therapy- related factors, which evidences the need for greater attention to the multifactorial origin of nonadherence, as well as commitment of the patient and health personnel to reduce the gaps in terms of HTN control.
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Keywords
Hipertensión arterial. Adherencia terapéutica. Tratamiento antihipertensivo