Proceso de duelo en pacientes adultos diagnosticados con cáncer
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Date
2021-08-02
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Universidad Nacional de Trujillo
Abstract
El cáncer es un problema de salud pública que perjudica la vida de muchas personas, quienes atraviesan por un proceso profundo y muy personal llamado duelo. La presente investigación descriptiva cualitativa tuvo como finalidad describir y analizar el proceso de duelo en pacientes adultos diagnosticados con cáncer en el área de hospitalización del Instituto Regional de Enfermedades Neoplásicas de Trujillo. La muestra estuvo constituida por diez pacientes oncológicos de edad adulta que cumplieron con los criterios de inclusión. A ellos se les aplicó una entrevista semiestructurada cuyos discursos obtenidos fueron transcritos a un documento Word para su posterior análisis de unidades de significado, dando origen a la primera categoría: Afrontamiento interno tras el conocimiento de la enfermedad que contiene tres subcategorías: Búsqueda de la verdad confirmatoria, Reacción inicial tras el conocimiento del diagnóstico y Empezando a conocer el cáncer. La segunda categoría: Generando una nueva vida por el cáncer posee cuatro subcategorías: Reconocimiento de redes de apoyo, Cambios en la vida por el cáncer: cotidianidad y cáncer, Fortaleciendo mi espiritualidad y Afrontamiento ante la nueva realidad. Los hallazgos revelaron que los pacientes oncológicos al conocer su diagnóstico desarrollaron una serie de emociones experimentando miedo a la muerte, desgano, tristeza y aislamiento. Sin embargo; con el tiempo fueron capaces de afrontar su nueva realidad, reconociendo sus redes de apoyo frente a la adversidad y aceptando cambios en su vida aferrándose fuertemente a aspectos religiosos y espirituales.
Cancer is a life-threatening public health problem for many people, who go through a deep and very personal process called duel. The present qualitative descriptive research aimed to describe and analyze the grieving process in adult patients diagnosed with cancer in the hospitalization area of the Regional Institute of Neoplastic Diseases of Trujillo. The sample consisted of ten adult cancer patients who fulfilled the inclusion criteria, to whom a semi-structured interview was applied whose speeches obtained were transcribed into a Word document for subsequent analysis of units of meaning, giving rise to the first category: "Internal coping after knowledge of the disease" that contains three subcategories: Search for confirmatory truth, initial reaction after knowledge of the diagnosis and beginning to know the cancer. The second category: "Generating a new life through cancer", with three subcategories: Recognition of support networks, changes in life due to cancer: daily life and cancer, strengthening my spirituality and coping with the new reality. The findings revealed that cancer patients upon learning of their diagnosis developed a series of emotions experiencing fear of death, reluctance, sadness and isolation. However; Over time they were able to face their new reality, recognizing their support networks in the face of adversity and accepting changes in their life, holding tightly to religious and spiritual aspects
Cancer is a life-threatening public health problem for many people, who go through a deep and very personal process called duel. The present qualitative descriptive research aimed to describe and analyze the grieving process in adult patients diagnosed with cancer in the hospitalization area of the Regional Institute of Neoplastic Diseases of Trujillo. The sample consisted of ten adult cancer patients who fulfilled the inclusion criteria, to whom a semi-structured interview was applied whose speeches obtained were transcribed into a Word document for subsequent analysis of units of meaning, giving rise to the first category: "Internal coping after knowledge of the disease" that contains three subcategories: Search for confirmatory truth, initial reaction after knowledge of the diagnosis and beginning to know the cancer. The second category: "Generating a new life through cancer", with three subcategories: Recognition of support networks, changes in life due to cancer: daily life and cancer, strengthening my spirituality and coping with the new reality. The findings revealed that cancer patients upon learning of their diagnosis developed a series of emotions experiencing fear of death, reluctance, sadness and isolation. However; Over time they were able to face their new reality, recognizing their support networks in the face of adversity and accepting changes in their life, holding tightly to religious and spiritual aspects
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Keywords
Paciente
Duelo
Cáncer