La errónea calificación probatoria en los procedimientos administrativos disciplinarios y el abuso de la autoridad administrativa
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Date
2020
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Universidad Nacional de Trujillo
Abstract
La administración pública, conforme al principio de legalidad, busco siempre regular los diversos procedimientos administrativos que se generaban en ella; sin embargo, siempre sus normas fueron dispersas; dejando de ser así mediante la dación de la Ley N° 30057 "Ley del Servicio Civil"; aunado a ello se usa supletoriamente el Texto Único Ordenado de la Ley N° 27444, con las cuales se establecieron normas específicas para la regulación de los procedimientos administrativos especiales, tal como el procedimiento administrativo disciplinario. Asimismo, dicha ley incorpora también un procedimiento sancionador que estaba dirigido a los administrados, pero con el devenir del tiempo se comenzó a regular dos tipos de procedimientos administrativos que estaban dirigidos a los servidores públicos o funcionarios de la administración pública, el primero, que se refería a temas de índole disciplinaria; y, el segundo con temas de índole funcional. Ante el primero fue el Decreto Supremo N° 005-90-PCM que estableció el procedimiento disciplinario de todos los servidores públicos, posteriormente se incorporaron otras normas como la leyes N° 27815 y N° 28175, así como el Decreto Legislativo N° 1057 y sus decretos y el Decreto Legislativo N° 728 generando con ello una serie de leyes que establecían diversos regímenes, ante lo cual aparece el Decreto Legislativo N° 1023 y posteriormente la Ley N° 30057 y D.S. N° 040-2014-PCM que unfican los procedimientos disciplinarios para tanto servidor público del Decreto Legislativo N° 276, Decreto Legislativo N° 728 y Decreto Legislativo N° 1057. Procedimiento administrativo disciplinario que busca poder corregir los errores de los servidores y al mismo tiempo evitar el actuar inquisitivo de la administración pública otorgando un debido proceso en base al derecho de defensa, y, donde el cargo de la prueba es de la entidad de demostrar la existencia de un acto de ilicitud. Es ante este tema, que resulta ser materia de estudio pues ante la aparición de la ley N° 30057, se instituye una figura administrativa, la Secretaría Técnica a quien se le otorga la función de investigar y realizar todas las actuaciones probatorias para obtener la verdad material y con ello informar al órgano instructor y con su debida calificación iniciar el procedimiento administrativo disciplinario; sin embargo, es en esta etapa donde en muchas ocasiones este ente administrativo sin valorar adecuadamente los medios probatorios y haciendo uso abusivo de las competencias (potestad inquisitiva) de la administración pública, resultan ser arbitrarias en sus decisiones de apertura y posterior sanción. En concreto, el tema de estudio busca el responder la pregunta de si estas calificaciones erróneas de las pruebas resultan ser arbitrarias y con ella generan un abuso de autoridad por el perjuicio que producen al servidor público.
ABSTRACT The public administration, in accordance with the principle of legality, always seeks to regulate the various administrative procedures that were generated in it; however, their standards were always scattered; ceasing to be this way through the enactment of Law N ° 30057 "Civil Service Law", also applying additionally the Single Ordained Text of Law N ° 27444, with which specific norms were established for the regulation of special administrative procedures, such as the administrative disciplinary procedure. Likewise, said law also incorporates a sanctioning procedure directed at those administered, but over time, two types of administrative procedures began to be regulated, aimed at public servants or public administration officials, the first, to which referred to subjects of a disciplinary nature; and the second with themes of a functional nature. Before the first was the Supreme Decree N° 005-90-PCM that established the disciplinary rocedure for all public servants, then other regulations such as laws N° 27815 and N° 28175 were incorporated, as well as Legislative Decree N° 1057 and its decrees and Legislative Decree N° 728 thus generating a series of laws establishing various regimes, before which Legislative Decree N° 1023 and subsequent Law N° 30057 and Supreme Decree N° 040-2014-PCM that unify disciplinary procedures appear. For both public servants of Legislative Decree N° 276, Legislative Decree N° 728 and Legislative Decree N° 1057. Administrative disciplinary procedure that seeks to be able to correct the errors of the servers and at the same time avoid the inquisitive action of the public administration, granting due process based on the right of defense and, where the burden of proof is that of the entity to demonstrate the existence of an act of illegality. It is before this topic, which turns out to be a study topic because before the appearance of Law N° 30057, an administrative figure is instituted, the Technical Secretariat who is assigned the unction of investigating and carrying out all actions evidence to obtain the truth material and thus inform the investigating body and with its due qualification initiate the administrative disciplinary procedure; However, it is at this stage that, on many occasions, this administrative entity, without properly evaluating the evidence and making abusive use of the powers (inquisitive power) of the public administration, is arbitrary in its opening and subsequent sanctioning decisions. Specifically, the topic of study seeks to answer the question of whether these erroneous qualifications of the tests are arbitrary and thus generate an abuse of authority for the damage they cause to the public servant.
ABSTRACT The public administration, in accordance with the principle of legality, always seeks to regulate the various administrative procedures that were generated in it; however, their standards were always scattered; ceasing to be this way through the enactment of Law N ° 30057 "Civil Service Law", also applying additionally the Single Ordained Text of Law N ° 27444, with which specific norms were established for the regulation of special administrative procedures, such as the administrative disciplinary procedure. Likewise, said law also incorporates a sanctioning procedure directed at those administered, but over time, two types of administrative procedures began to be regulated, aimed at public servants or public administration officials, the first, to which referred to subjects of a disciplinary nature; and the second with themes of a functional nature. Before the first was the Supreme Decree N° 005-90-PCM that established the disciplinary rocedure for all public servants, then other regulations such as laws N° 27815 and N° 28175 were incorporated, as well as Legislative Decree N° 1057 and its decrees and Legislative Decree N° 728 thus generating a series of laws establishing various regimes, before which Legislative Decree N° 1023 and subsequent Law N° 30057 and Supreme Decree N° 040-2014-PCM that unify disciplinary procedures appear. For both public servants of Legislative Decree N° 276, Legislative Decree N° 728 and Legislative Decree N° 1057. Administrative disciplinary procedure that seeks to be able to correct the errors of the servers and at the same time avoid the inquisitive action of the public administration, granting due process based on the right of defense and, where the burden of proof is that of the entity to demonstrate the existence of an act of illegality. It is before this topic, which turns out to be a study topic because before the appearance of Law N° 30057, an administrative figure is instituted, the Technical Secretariat who is assigned the unction of investigating and carrying out all actions evidence to obtain the truth material and thus inform the investigating body and with its due qualification initiate the administrative disciplinary procedure; However, it is at this stage that, on many occasions, this administrative entity, without properly evaluating the evidence and making abusive use of the powers (inquisitive power) of the public administration, is arbitrary in its opening and subsequent sanctioning decisions. Specifically, the topic of study seeks to answer the question of whether these erroneous qualifications of the tests are arbitrary and thus generate an abuse of authority for the damage they cause to the public servant.
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Keywords
Derecho administrativo, Acto administrativo, Potestad sancionadora disciplinaria