Evaluación de las necesidades hídricas y eficiencia de riego en palto (Persea americana). En el sector 6. Empresa El Pedregal S.A. Chicama – La Libertad
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Date
2022
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Universidad Nacional de Trujillo
Abstract
La calidad y el uso correcto del agua de riego son unos de los principales factores para lograr altos rendimientos en los cultivos. En el presente trabajo, Evaluación de las necesidades hídricas y eficiencia de riego en palto (Persea americana). En el sector 6. Empresa El Pedregal S.A. Chicama – La Libertad, el objetivo principal fue evaluar la uniformidad de riego, y para conseguir dicho objetivo se realizó la evaluación de la calidad del agua para determinar si cumple con los parámetros establecidos en la normativa peruana, además se realizó la caracterización de suelos con fines agrícolas, y la medición del caudal de los emisores de riego en campo. Para el estudio se tomaron muestras de agua y suelo, las cuales fueron llevadas a laboratorio, para su evaluación se utilizaron técnicas y parámetros ya establecidos, finalmente se obtuvo que el agua podía ser usada para riego sin restricciones y respecto a la caracterización del suelo se determinó que la textura que más prevalece en las 56 hectáreas del fundo es el franco arenoso. Además, para la evaluación de la uniformidad de riego en campo se tomó lectura de 192 goteros distribuidos en 12 válvulas de riego, 16 goteros por válvula, en donde se obtuvo un coeficiente de uniformidad de 93,65 %. Finalmente, con la ayuda del programa digital Cropwatt se realizó el cálculo de las necesidades hídricas del cultivo para una campaña de producción anual en arboles de 4 años de edad, el cual fue de 12248,78 metros cúbicos de agua.
ABSTRACT The quality and correct use of irrigation water are one of the main factors to achieve high crop yields. In the present work, Evaluation of water needs and irrigation efficiency in avocado (Persea americana). In sector 6. Company El Pedregal S.A. Chicama - La Libertad, the main objective was to evaluate the uniformity of irrigation, and to achieve this objective, the evaluation of the quality of the water was carried out to determine if it complies with the parameters established in the Peruvian regulations, in addition, the characterization of soils with agricultural purposes, and the measurement of the flow of irrigation emitters in the field. For the study, samples of water and soil were taken, which were taken to the laboratory, for their evaluation techniques and parameters already established were used, finally it was obtained that the water could be used for irrigation without restrictions and regarding the characterization of the soil, determined that the most prevalent texture in the 56 hectares of the farm is sandy loam. In addition, for the evaluation of the uniformity of irrigation in the field, a reading was taken of 192 drippers distributed in 12 irrigation valves, 16 drippers per valve, where a uniformity coefficient of 93.65% was obtained. Finally, with the help of the Cropwatt digital program, the calculation of the water needs of the crop was made for an annual production campaign in 4-year-old trees, which was 12,248.78 cubic meters of water.
ABSTRACT The quality and correct use of irrigation water are one of the main factors to achieve high crop yields. In the present work, Evaluation of water needs and irrigation efficiency in avocado (Persea americana). In sector 6. Company El Pedregal S.A. Chicama - La Libertad, the main objective was to evaluate the uniformity of irrigation, and to achieve this objective, the evaluation of the quality of the water was carried out to determine if it complies with the parameters established in the Peruvian regulations, in addition, the characterization of soils with agricultural purposes, and the measurement of the flow of irrigation emitters in the field. For the study, samples of water and soil were taken, which were taken to the laboratory, for their evaluation techniques and parameters already established were used, finally it was obtained that the water could be used for irrigation without restrictions and regarding the characterization of the soil, determined that the most prevalent texture in the 56 hectares of the farm is sandy loam. In addition, for the evaluation of the uniformity of irrigation in the field, a reading was taken of 192 drippers distributed in 12 irrigation valves, 16 drippers per valve, where a uniformity coefficient of 93.65% was obtained. Finally, with the help of the Cropwatt digital program, the calculation of the water needs of the crop was made for an annual production campaign in 4-year-old trees, which was 12,248.78 cubic meters of water.
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Keywords
Kasset, Evapotranspiración, Parámetros