Efecto de las diferentes concentraciones de nanopartículas de óxido de manganeso obtenidas mediante síntesis verde en larvas de III y VI estadio de Aedes aegypti
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Date
2025
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Universidad Nacional de Trujillo
Abstract
Aedes aegypti es el vector principal de la enfermedad del dengue, en los últimos dos años se han reportado el incremento de casos causando el rebrote de esta enfermedad en el Perú. El uso de productos químicos es la intervención principal para controlar la propagación de los mosquitos sin embargo su uso excesivo contamina el medio ambiente, por tal motivo se ha impulsado la recomendación del uso de nanocompuestos. Las nanopartículas de óxido de manganeso se sintetizaron mediante extractos etanólicos de hojas de Nerium oleander “laurel rosa”, Annona muricata “guanábana” y Piper aduncum “matico”. Para los bioensayos se empleó un Diseño multifactorial, en cada vaso se colocaron 20 larvas del III estadio y 100 ml de nanopartículas a las concentraciones de 100, 50, 25, 12.5 ppm (tratamientos) más un grupo control, a una temperatura de 25°C ± 2° y una humedad relativa de 55-70% con un fotoperiodo artificial de 10 h luz: 14 h oscuridad. Las NPs Mn3O4 exhibieron un notable efecto de mortalidad, alcanzando su máximo valor de 36.67% (laurel rosa), 11.67% (guanábana) y 3.33% (matico) a una concentración de 25 ppm en larvas III y en IV estadio fue de 6.67% (guanábana) y 8.33% (matico). A través de los cortes histológicos se evidenció acumulación y agregación de las NPs Mn3O4 en el tubo digestivo y enteron de las larvas, daños en el exo y endoesqueleto. La inhibición de crecimiento más alto fue de 31.67% (laurel rosa), 25% (guanábana) y 16.67% (matico) a concentraciones de 12.5, 25 y 100 ppm en larvas de IV estadio después de 21 días. Estos resultados sugieren que las NPs biosintetizadas a partir de extractos presentan un potencial larvicida que pueden ser usadas como herramientas alternativas adecuadas y útiles para el control de Ae. aegypti.
Aedes aegypti is the main vector of dengue disease. In the last two years, an increase in cases has been reported, causing a resurgence of this disease in Peru. The use of chemicals is the main intervention to control the spread of mosquitoes, however, their excessive use contaminates the environment, which is why the use of nanocomposites has been recommended. Manganese oxide nanoparticles were synthesized using ethanolic extracts of leaves of Nerium oleander “laurel rosa”, Annona muricata “guanábana” and Piper aduncum “matico”. For the bioassays a multifactorial design was used, in each glass were placed 20 larvae of the III instar and 100 ml of nanoparticles at concentrations of 100, 50, 25, 12.5 ppm (treatments) plus a control group, at a temperature of 25 ° C ± 2 ° and a relative humidity of 55-70% with an artificial photoperiod of 10 h light: 14 h darkness. The NPs Mn3O4 exhibited a notable mortality effect, reaching its maximum value of 36.67% (rose laurel), 11.67% (soursop) and 3.33% (matico) at a concentration of 25 ppm in larvae III and in IV instar it was 6.67% (soursop) and 8.33% (matico). Histological sections showed accumulation and aggregation of NPs Mn3O4 in the digestive tract and enteron of larvae, as well as damage to the exo- and endoskeleton. The highest growth inhibition was 31.67% (pink laurel), 25% (soursop) and 16.67% (matico) at concentrations of 12.5, 25 and 100 ppm in IV instar larvae after 21 days. These results suggest that NPs biosynthesized from extracts have a larvicidal potential that can be used as suitable and useful alternative tools for the control of Ae. aegypti
Aedes aegypti is the main vector of dengue disease. In the last two years, an increase in cases has been reported, causing a resurgence of this disease in Peru. The use of chemicals is the main intervention to control the spread of mosquitoes, however, their excessive use contaminates the environment, which is why the use of nanocomposites has been recommended. Manganese oxide nanoparticles were synthesized using ethanolic extracts of leaves of Nerium oleander “laurel rosa”, Annona muricata “guanábana” and Piper aduncum “matico”. For the bioassays a multifactorial design was used, in each glass were placed 20 larvae of the III instar and 100 ml of nanoparticles at concentrations of 100, 50, 25, 12.5 ppm (treatments) plus a control group, at a temperature of 25 ° C ± 2 ° and a relative humidity of 55-70% with an artificial photoperiod of 10 h light: 14 h darkness. The NPs Mn3O4 exhibited a notable mortality effect, reaching its maximum value of 36.67% (rose laurel), 11.67% (soursop) and 3.33% (matico) at a concentration of 25 ppm in larvae III and in IV instar it was 6.67% (soursop) and 8.33% (matico). Histological sections showed accumulation and aggregation of NPs Mn3O4 in the digestive tract and enteron of larvae, as well as damage to the exo- and endoskeleton. The highest growth inhibition was 31.67% (pink laurel), 25% (soursop) and 16.67% (matico) at concentrations of 12.5, 25 and 100 ppm in IV instar larvae after 21 days. These results suggest that NPs biosynthesized from extracts have a larvicidal potential that can be used as suitable and useful alternative tools for the control of Ae. aegypti
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Keywords
Larvas, Aedes aegypti, nanopartículas, mortalidad, inhibición de crecimiento