Modelo de educación financiera para el retorno oportuno de las obligaciones crediticias de los micro empresarios, Trujillo - 2020
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Date
2024
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Universidad Nacional de Trujillo
Abstract
La presente investigación tuvo como objetivo general determinar la relación entre la variable educación financiera y el retorno oportuno de las obligaciones crediticias de los micro empresarios, Trujillo, año 2020. Como objetivos específicos propuso identificar el nivel de educación financiera que poseen los micro empresarios; identificar el nivel del comportamiento de pago de los micro empresario hacia sus obligaciones, basado en su compromiso personal; analizar los modelos crediticios de las entidades financieras, aplicados en el proceso del otorgamiento y recuperación de los créditos a los micro empresarios, en particular aquellos factores basados en la educación financiera; proponer un Modelo de Educación Financiera para los micro empresarios. La investigación fue de tipo aplicada, no experimental y transversal, correlacional. Se desarrolló aplicando un cuestionario a 370 clientes micro empresarios de Trujillo, con crédito vigente. De los resultados obtenidos se obtuvo que existe una relación directa y significativa entre la variable de estudio denominada educación financiera de los micro empresarios y el retorno oportuno de las obligaciones crediticias contraídas con las diferentes instituciones de Microfinanzas. Se aplicó el coeficiente Rho de Spearman el mismo que fue de 0.81544236, lo cual determinó una alta correlación positiva. Otro resultado fue que el nivel de educación financiera que poseen los micro empresarios de acuerdo a la investigación es pobre, pues no existen programas diseñados para los micro empresarios que les permita conocer antes de asumir una responsabilidad crediticia sobre los aspectos relacionados al sistema financiero. También se determinó que el nivel del comportamiento de pago de los micro empresario hacia sus obligaciones, basado en su compromiso personal no es muy fuerte sobre todo en los micro empresarios que tienen niveles de educación financiera bajos y muy bajos. Esta situación debilita los objetivos de crecimiento en la participación de mercado pues, para las entidades financieras, los micro empresarios podrían caer a corto plazo en malos manejos del dinero recibido por los créditos otorgados. Al efectuar un análisis de los modelos crediticios de las entidades financieras, aplicados en el proceso del otorgamiento y recuperación de los créditos a los micro empresarios, en particular aquellos factores basados educación financiera, se determinó que no aplican la educación financiera como parte de sus políticas de evaluación crediticia, y que además siguen aplicando modelos antiguos de la década del 80, desconociendo la realidad actual de oferta y demanda crediticia. Finalmente se propone un modelo de Modelo de Educación Financiera para los micro empresarios, el mismo que pueda complementar a las políticas de evaluación crediticia de las entidades financieras.
The general objective of this research was to determine the relationship between the financial education variable and the timely return of the credit obligations of micro-entrepreneurs, Trujillo, year 2020. As specific objectives, it proposed to identify the level of financial education that micro-entrepreneurs have; identify the level of payment behavior of the micro entrepreneur towards their obligations, based on their personal commitment; analyze the credit models of financial entities, applied in the process of granting and recovering credits to micro entrepreneurs, in particular those factors based on financial education; propose a Financial Education Model for micro entrepreneurs. The research was applied, non-experimental and cross-sectional, correlational. It was developed by applying a questionnaire to 370 micro business clients of Trujillo, with current credit. From the results obtained, it was obtained that there is a direct and significant relationship between the study variable called financial education of micro entrepreneurs and the timely return of the credit obligations contracted with the different microfinance institutions. The Spearman Rho coefficient was applied, which was 0.81544236, which determined a high positive correlation. Another result was that the level of financial education that micro-entrepreneurs have according to the research is poor, since there are no programs designed for micro-entrepreneurs that allow them to know before assuming credit responsibility on aspects related to the financial system. It was also determined that the level of payment behavior of micro-entrepreneurs towards their obligations, based on their personal commitment, is not very strong, especially in micro-entrepreneurs who have low and very low levels of financial education. This situation weakens the growth objectives in market share since, for financial entities, micro entrepreneurs could in the short term fall into mismanagement of the money received for the loans granted. When carrying out an analysis of the credit models of financial entities, applied in the process of granting and recovering credits to micro entrepreneurs, in particular those factors based on financial education, it was determined that they do not apply financial education as part of their policies. of credit evaluation, and that they also continue to apply old models from the 80s, ignoring the current reality of credit supply and demand. Finally, a Financial Education Model model is proposed for micro entrepreneurs, the same one that can complement the credit evaluation policies of financial institutions.
The general objective of this research was to determine the relationship between the financial education variable and the timely return of the credit obligations of micro-entrepreneurs, Trujillo, year 2020. As specific objectives, it proposed to identify the level of financial education that micro-entrepreneurs have; identify the level of payment behavior of the micro entrepreneur towards their obligations, based on their personal commitment; analyze the credit models of financial entities, applied in the process of granting and recovering credits to micro entrepreneurs, in particular those factors based on financial education; propose a Financial Education Model for micro entrepreneurs. The research was applied, non-experimental and cross-sectional, correlational. It was developed by applying a questionnaire to 370 micro business clients of Trujillo, with current credit. From the results obtained, it was obtained that there is a direct and significant relationship between the study variable called financial education of micro entrepreneurs and the timely return of the credit obligations contracted with the different microfinance institutions. The Spearman Rho coefficient was applied, which was 0.81544236, which determined a high positive correlation. Another result was that the level of financial education that micro-entrepreneurs have according to the research is poor, since there are no programs designed for micro-entrepreneurs that allow them to know before assuming credit responsibility on aspects related to the financial system. It was also determined that the level of payment behavior of micro-entrepreneurs towards their obligations, based on their personal commitment, is not very strong, especially in micro-entrepreneurs who have low and very low levels of financial education. This situation weakens the growth objectives in market share since, for financial entities, micro entrepreneurs could in the short term fall into mismanagement of the money received for the loans granted. When carrying out an analysis of the credit models of financial entities, applied in the process of granting and recovering credits to micro entrepreneurs, in particular those factors based on financial education, it was determined that they do not apply financial education as part of their policies. of credit evaluation, and that they also continue to apply old models from the 80s, ignoring the current reality of credit supply and demand. Finally, a Financial Education Model model is proposed for micro entrepreneurs, the same one that can complement the credit evaluation policies of financial institutions.
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HUMANITIES and RELIGION::History and philosophy subjects::History subjects::History