Propuesta de plan de manejo de residuos sólidos domiciliarios con mayor impacto ambiental en el distrito de Cajamarca, provincia de Cajamarca 2022
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Date
2023
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Universidad Nacional de Trujillo
Abstract
La gestión adecuada de los residuos sólidos domiciliarios constituye un pilar esencial para cultivar entornos urbanos limpios y saludables. Este estudio se centró en la ciudad de Cajamarca, en la provincia homónima, con el objetivo de elaborar una propuesta de plan de manejo de residuos sólidos domiciliarios destinada a generar un impacto ambiental más significativo. La gestión eficaz de los residuos sólidos se erige como un desafío global, y en este contexto, se exploraron estrategias específicas para potenciar la situación en la ciudad de Cajamarca. El diseño de la investigación se fundamentó en la recopilación de datos cuantitativos y cualitativos mediante encuestas y observaciones directas. Las encuestas estructuradas diseñadas fueron aplicadas a las viviendas participantes en el estudio de caracterización, evaluando la percepción de la población respecto al servicio de recolección de residuos, su frecuencia, horarios, segregación y educación ambiental. Los resultados destacan que el 98% de las viviendas encuestadas afirmaron tener acceso al servicio de recolección de residuos sólidos, con un 93% prefiriendo la recolección cada dos días, principalmente en las mañanas (92%). No obstante, el 78% de los participantes no realiza la segregación de residuos en sus hogares. En relación con la responsabilidad de la recolección, el 57% afirmó que en las áreas rurales sus residuos sólidos no son recogidos. Las estrategias propuestas abarcan la sensibilización y educación ambiental, la colaboración con entidades educativas y organizaciones sociales, la mejora de los puntos de recolección, y la implementación de una planta piloto de humus y compost. Este estudio ha resultado en una propuesta integral de gestión de residuos sólidos domiciliarios para la ciudad de Cajamarca. La implementación exitosa de este plan requerirá la participación activa de la comunidad, el compromiso de las autoridades locales y la colaboración interinstitucional. Además, se resalta la importancia de la educación y la sensibilización ambiental para modificar la percepción de los residuos sólidos y fomentar la participación ciudadana en su gestión. La propuesta aspira a elevar la calidad de vida de los habitantes de Cajamarca y reducir los impactos ambientales adversos derivados de la gestión de residuos sólidos domiciliarios.
The proper management of household solid waste constitutes an essential pillar for fostering clean and healthy urban environments. This study focused on the city of Cajamarca, in the homonymous province, with the aim of developing a proposal for the management plan of household solid waste to generate a more significant environmental impact. Effective solid waste management stands as a global challenge, and in this context, specific strategies were explored to enhance the situation in the city of Cajamarca. The research design was based on the collection of quantitative and qualitative data through surveys and direct observations. The structured surveys designed were applied to households participating in the characterization study, assessing the population's perception of waste collection services, their frequency, schedules, segregation, and environmental education. The results highlight that 98% of surveyed households claimed to have access to solid waste collection services, with 93% preferring collection every two days, mainly in the mornings (92%). However, 78% of participants do not segregate waste in their homes. Regarding collection responsibility, 57% stated that their solid waste is not collected in rural areas. The proposed strategies include environmental awareness and education, collaboration with educational institutions and social organizations, improvement of collection points, and the implementation of a pilot humus and compost plant. This study has resulted in a comprehensive proposal for the management of household solid waste in the city of Cajamarca. The successful implementation of this plan will require active community participation, commitment from local authorities, and inter-institutional collaboration. Furthermore, the importance of environmental education and awareness is emphasized to change the perception of solid waste and encourage community involvement in its management. The proposal aims to enhance the quality of life for Cajamarca residents and reduce adverse environmental impacts resulting from the management of household solid waste.
The proper management of household solid waste constitutes an essential pillar for fostering clean and healthy urban environments. This study focused on the city of Cajamarca, in the homonymous province, with the aim of developing a proposal for the management plan of household solid waste to generate a more significant environmental impact. Effective solid waste management stands as a global challenge, and in this context, specific strategies were explored to enhance the situation in the city of Cajamarca. The research design was based on the collection of quantitative and qualitative data through surveys and direct observations. The structured surveys designed were applied to households participating in the characterization study, assessing the population's perception of waste collection services, their frequency, schedules, segregation, and environmental education. The results highlight that 98% of surveyed households claimed to have access to solid waste collection services, with 93% preferring collection every two days, mainly in the mornings (92%). However, 78% of participants do not segregate waste in their homes. Regarding collection responsibility, 57% stated that their solid waste is not collected in rural areas. The proposed strategies include environmental awareness and education, collaboration with educational institutions and social organizations, improvement of collection points, and the implementation of a pilot humus and compost plant. This study has resulted in a comprehensive proposal for the management of household solid waste in the city of Cajamarca. The successful implementation of this plan will require active community participation, commitment from local authorities, and inter-institutional collaboration. Furthermore, the importance of environmental education and awareness is emphasized to change the perception of solid waste and encourage community involvement in its management. The proposal aims to enhance the quality of life for Cajamarca residents and reduce adverse environmental impacts resulting from the management of household solid waste.
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Keywords
Residuos sólidos domiciliarios, Gestión ambiental, Ciudad de Cajamarca, Impacto ambiental