Reacciones adversas percibidas a fármacos utilizados en el tratamiento de la infección por SARS-CoV-2, en pobladores del distrito de Virú, 2021
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Date
2022
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Universidad Nacional de Trujillo
Abstract
La presente investigación tuvo como objetivo principal evaluar las reacciones adversas percibidas a fármacos utilizados en el tratamiento de la infección por SARS-CoV-2, en pobladores del distrito de Virú, 2021. Este estudio de tipo descriptivo, de diseño transversal en línea aplicada sobre la población de Virú, utilizó la técnica bola de nieve simplificada. En los resultados se observa que, las reacciones adversas percibidas corresponden a un 54,1% y 45,9%, para el sexo femenino y masculino, respectivamente. Así mismo, del total de personas encuestadas, 46,8 % corresponden al grupo etario de 18- 29 años, 42,0 % a 30-59 años y 11,2 % al de 60 años a más. En el análisis de correspondencia de reacciones adversas según el tratamiento por sexo, para el sexo femenino las reacciones adversas estuvieron relacionadas mayormente con el sistema gastrointestinal (dolor abdominal, vómitos, náuseas, diarrea) asociados a medicamentos como levofloxacino y metilprednisolona, mientras que, para el sexo masculino, los síntomas más frecuentes fueron fiebre, dolor muscular, dolor de cabeza, asociados a hidroxicloroquina, dexametasona, azitromicina e ivermectina. En el análisis de correspondencia de reacciones adversas según grupo etario, el de 18-29 años estuvo vinculado con dolores musculares, estreñimiento, dolores de cabeza y fiebre que se relacionan con metilprednisolona, azitromicina, ivermectina, enoxaparina, ceftriaxona e hidroxicloroquina. Las reacciones adversas percibidas según gravedad que fueron leves y se circunscribieron al tracto gastrointestinal y estuvieron relacionadas a azitromicina, ivermectina, hidroxicloroquina, levofloxacino y ceftriaxona. Las de moderada gravedad fueron el dolor muscular y fiebre. Finalmente, las graves, como sordera e hipotensión estuvieron relacionadas a ceftriaxona y enoxaparina. Las reacciones adversas identificadas fueron de tipo B, según la clasificación de Rawlins y Thompson, enfocadas a mecanismos inmunitarios. Se concluyó que, del grupo encuestado el sexo femenino y el grupo etario de 19 a 29 años presentaron mayor frecuencia porcentual, en donde la correspondencia según sexo estuvo relacionada con reacciones adversas a nivel gastrointestinal al sexo femenino y la correspondencia según edad estuvo vinculada a dolores musculares, estreñimiento, dolores de cabeza y fiebre. Las reacciones adversas mayormente percibidas fueron las leves y de tipo B.
ABSTRACT The main objective of this research was to evaluate the perceived adverse reactions to the drugs used in the treatment of SARS-CoV-2 infection, in residents of the district of Viru, 2021. This descriptive cross-sectional study was applied online on the population of Viru using the simplified snowball technique. The results show that the perceived adverse reactions correspond to 54.1% and 45.9%, for the female and male sex, respectively. Similarly, according to the total number of people surveyed, 46.8 % correspond to the age group of 18-29 years old, 42.0 % to 30-59 years old and 11, 2% to 60 years old and over. In the correspondence analysis of adverse reactions according to treatment by sex, for the female patients the adverse reactions were related mostly to the gastrointestinal system (abdominal pain, vomiting, nausea, diarrhea) associated to medications such as levofloxacin and methylprednisolone, and for the male patients, they most frequent reactions were fever, muscle pain, headache, associated to hydroxychloroquine, dexamethasone, azithromycin and ivermectin. In the correspondence analysis of adverse reactions by age group, the 18-29 group presented muscle aches, constipation, headaches, and fever associated with methylprednisolone, azithromycin, ivermectin, enoxaparin, ceftriaxone, and hydroxychloroquine. Adverse reactions perceived according to severity that were mild were limited to the gastrointestinal tract and were related to azithromycin, ivermectin, hydroxychloroquine, levofloxacin and ceftriaxone. Those of moderate severity were muscle pain and fever. Finally, the severe ones such as deafness and hypotension were related to ceftriaxone and enoxaparin. The adverse reactions identified were type B, according to the Rawlins and Thompson classification, focused on immune mechanisms. It was concluded that, of the surveyed group, the female sex and the age group from 19 to 29 years had a higher percentage frequency, the correspondence according to sex was related to adverse reactions at the gastrointestinal tract in female patients and the correspondence according to age were linked to muscle pain, constipation, headaches and fever. The most frequently perceived adverse reactions were mild and of type B.
ABSTRACT The main objective of this research was to evaluate the perceived adverse reactions to the drugs used in the treatment of SARS-CoV-2 infection, in residents of the district of Viru, 2021. This descriptive cross-sectional study was applied online on the population of Viru using the simplified snowball technique. The results show that the perceived adverse reactions correspond to 54.1% and 45.9%, for the female and male sex, respectively. Similarly, according to the total number of people surveyed, 46.8 % correspond to the age group of 18-29 years old, 42.0 % to 30-59 years old and 11, 2% to 60 years old and over. In the correspondence analysis of adverse reactions according to treatment by sex, for the female patients the adverse reactions were related mostly to the gastrointestinal system (abdominal pain, vomiting, nausea, diarrhea) associated to medications such as levofloxacin and methylprednisolone, and for the male patients, they most frequent reactions were fever, muscle pain, headache, associated to hydroxychloroquine, dexamethasone, azithromycin and ivermectin. In the correspondence analysis of adverse reactions by age group, the 18-29 group presented muscle aches, constipation, headaches, and fever associated with methylprednisolone, azithromycin, ivermectin, enoxaparin, ceftriaxone, and hydroxychloroquine. Adverse reactions perceived according to severity that were mild were limited to the gastrointestinal tract and were related to azithromycin, ivermectin, hydroxychloroquine, levofloxacin and ceftriaxone. Those of moderate severity were muscle pain and fever. Finally, the severe ones such as deafness and hypotension were related to ceftriaxone and enoxaparin. The adverse reactions identified were type B, according to the Rawlins and Thompson classification, focused on immune mechanisms. It was concluded that, of the surveyed group, the female sex and the age group from 19 to 29 years had a higher percentage frequency, the correspondence according to sex was related to adverse reactions at the gastrointestinal tract in female patients and the correspondence according to age were linked to muscle pain, constipation, headaches and fever. The most frequently perceived adverse reactions were mild and of type B.
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Keywords
Reacción adversa, SARS-CoV-2, COVID-19.