Efecto de temperatura, tiempo y concentración de pectinasa sobre las características fisicoquímicas de pulpa diluida de chalarina (Casimiroa edulis)
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Date
2025
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Universidad Nacional de Trujillo
Abstract
El objetivo de este estudio es determinar por gráfica de contornos el efecto de la temperatura, tiempo y concentración de pectinasa en las características fisicoquímicas (sólidos solubles totales, pH, acidez total, azúcares reductores y clarificación) de pulpa diluida de chalarina (Casimiroa edulis). Para ello se estableció un diseño de mezclas con centroide simplex variando la temperatura desde 30 a 60 °C, el tiempo de hidrólisis entre 10 – 120 minutos y concentración de pectinasa entre 0.1 – 5 mg/ml. La pulpa obtenida de chalarina, antes del proceso de hidrólisis fue diluida con agua destilada en proporción pulpa:agua de 1:3 p/p. Inicialmente, la pulpa diluida presentó 93.81 % de humedad, 0.255 % de ceniza, 5.024 °Brix de sólidos solubles, 3.16 % de azúcares reductores, 7.82 mg/100 ml de vitamina C, un pH de 5.68 y acidez total de 0.0913 %. Tras el tratamiento enzimático, los sólidos solubles y los azúcares reductores aumentaron significativamente, alcanzando máximos de 8.43 °Brix y 5.318 %, respectivamente, bajo condiciones de 40 °C, 47 minutos y 1.73 mg/ml de pectinasa. El pH y la acidez total oscilaron entre 5.16 – 5.61 y 0.0927 – 0.1007 %, respectivamente. El porcentaje de clarificación alcanzó un máximo de 59.85 %, destacando la efectividad de la pectinasa en reducir la turbidez y mejorar la calidad visual. Esto se logró para el intervalo de los parámetros de 37.7 – 40.9 °C, 1.467 – 1.903 mg/ml de pectinasa y 45.8 – 56.1 minutos de tiempo. El análisis estadístico confirmó un efecto significativo (p < 0.05) de las variables independientes sobre las dependientes, validando el modelo como herramienta para aplicaciones industriales.
ABSTRACT The aim of this study was to optimize by contour plot the effect of temperature, time and pectinase concentration on the physicochemical characteristics (total soluble solids, pH, total acidity, reducing sugars and clarification) of diluted pulp of chalarina (Casimiroa edulis). For this purpose, a mixture design with simplex centroid was established, varying the temperature from 30 to 60 °C, the hydrolysis time between 10 - 120 minutes and pectinase concentration between 0.1 – 5 mg/ml. The pulp obtained from chalarina, before the hydrolysis process, was diluted with distilled water in a pulp:water ratio of 1:3 w/w. Initially, the diluted pulp presented 93.81 % moisture, 0.255 % ash, 5.024 °Brix soluble solids, 3.16 % reducing sugars, 7.82 mg/100 ml vitamin C, a pH of 5.68 and total acidity of 0.0913 %. After enzymatic treatment, soluble solids and reducing sugars increased significantly, reaching maxima of 8.43 °Brix and 5.318 %, respectively, under conditions of 40 °C, 47 min and 1.73 mg/ml pectinase. The pH and total acidity ranged between 5.16 – 5.61 and 0.0927 – 0.1007 %, respectively, showing chemical stability of the product. The clarification percentage reached a maximum of 59.85 %, highlighting the effectiveness of pectinase in reducing turbidity and improving visual quality. The optimal conditions identified were 37.7 – 40.9 °C, 1,467 – 1,903 mg/ml of pectinase and 45.8 – 56.1 minutes of time. Statistical analysis confirmed a significant effect (p < 0.05) of the independent variables on the dependent ones, validating the model as a tool for industrial applications.
ABSTRACT The aim of this study was to optimize by contour plot the effect of temperature, time and pectinase concentration on the physicochemical characteristics (total soluble solids, pH, total acidity, reducing sugars and clarification) of diluted pulp of chalarina (Casimiroa edulis). For this purpose, a mixture design with simplex centroid was established, varying the temperature from 30 to 60 °C, the hydrolysis time between 10 - 120 minutes and pectinase concentration between 0.1 – 5 mg/ml. The pulp obtained from chalarina, before the hydrolysis process, was diluted with distilled water in a pulp:water ratio of 1:3 w/w. Initially, the diluted pulp presented 93.81 % moisture, 0.255 % ash, 5.024 °Brix soluble solids, 3.16 % reducing sugars, 7.82 mg/100 ml vitamin C, a pH of 5.68 and total acidity of 0.0913 %. After enzymatic treatment, soluble solids and reducing sugars increased significantly, reaching maxima of 8.43 °Brix and 5.318 %, respectively, under conditions of 40 °C, 47 min and 1.73 mg/ml pectinase. The pH and total acidity ranged between 5.16 – 5.61 and 0.0927 – 0.1007 %, respectively, showing chemical stability of the product. The clarification percentage reached a maximum of 59.85 %, highlighting the effectiveness of pectinase in reducing turbidity and improving visual quality. The optimal conditions identified were 37.7 – 40.9 °C, 1,467 – 1,903 mg/ml of pectinase and 45.8 – 56.1 minutes of time. Statistical analysis confirmed a significant effect (p < 0.05) of the independent variables on the dependent ones, validating the model as a tool for industrial applications.
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Keywords
Chalarina, Pectinasa, Clarificación, Sólidos solubles, Azúcares reductores