FACTORES DE RIESGO ASOCIADOS A LA MORTALIDAD DE PACIENTES DIAGNOSTICADOS CON COVID-19, EN SALAVERRY - LA LIBERTAD, MARZO 2020 - JUNIO 2021
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Date
2023
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Universidad Nacional de Trujillo
Abstract
Se determinaron los factores de riesgo asociados a la mortalidad de pacientes diagnosticados con Covid-19. Se procedió a solicitar el permiso a la autoridad competente del Centro de Salud Salaverry para la recolección de datos de los registros del paciente. El estudio fué de tipo descriptivo, de enfoque cuantitativo y diseño correlacional, retrospectivo. La población correspondió a un total de 1668 registros de historias clínicas de pacientes con factores de riesgo diagnosticados con COVID- 19, desde Marzo 2020 – Junio 2021, que cumplieron los criterios de inclusión y exclusión. Para el análisis de la información, se elaboró una base de datos en Excel, y se realizó el análisis estadístico con el Programa RStudio versión 4.2.1. Asimismo, se empleó la prueba de chi cuadrado de Pearson para la evaluación de la relación entre la variable condición del paciente con Covid-19 (fallecido y no fallecido) con cada una de las variables consideradas posibles factores de riesgo, así como del OR (Odds ratio) para la identificación de los factores asociados al fallecimiento. El factor de riesgo asociado al fallecimiento con mayor porcentaje durante el año 2020 y 2021, fue la obesidad, con 30.8% y 19.4% de pacientes fallecidos respectivamente. En segundo lugar, estuvo la enfermedad pulmonar con un 19.2% de pacientes fallecidos, durante el año 2020 y en tercer lugar, la diabetes con 11.5% y 16.1% de pacientes fallecidos durante el año 2020 y 2021 respectivamente, la hipertensión arterial con 9.7% y enfermedad cardiovascular con 6.5 % de pacientes fallecidos en el año 2021, y el cáncer con 3.4 % de pacientes fallecidos durante el año 2021. Todas las comorbilidades se identificaron con un RO >1 y p<0.05 de significancia. La edad de 60 años a mas, resultó ser un factor de riesgo significativo con (p<0.05), para la condición de fallecimiento por Covid -19. Se concluye entonces, que la obesidad, la enfermedad pulmonar, la diabetes, hipertensión, enfermedad cardiovascular, cáncer y adulto mayor, fueron los factores de riesgo asociados a la mortalidad de los pacientes con Covid-19 en el distrito de Salaverry
The risk factors associated with the mortality of patients diagnosed with Covid-19 were determined. Permission was requested from the competent authority of the Salaverry Health Center to collect data from the patient's records. The study was descriptive, with a quantitative approach and a correlational, retrospective design. The population corresponded to a total of 1668 records of medical records of patients with risk factors diagnosed with COVID-19, from March 2020 - June 2021, who met the inclusion and exclusion criteria. For the analysis of the information, a database was prepared in Excel, and the statistical analysis was carried out with the RStudio Program version 4.2.1. Likewise, the Pearson chi-square test was used to assess the relationship between the condition variable of the patient with Covid-19 (deceased and non-deceased) with each of the variables considered possible risk factors, as well as the OR ( Odds ratio) to identify the factors associated with death. The risk factor associated with death with the highest percentage during the years 2020 and 2021 was obesity, with 30.8% and 19.4% of deceased patients, respectively. In second place, there was lung disease with 19.2% of patients who died, during the year 2020 and in third place, diabetes with 11.5% and 16.1% of patients who died during the year 2020 and 2021 respectively, arterial hypertension with 9.7%. and cardiovascular disease with 6.5% of patients who died in 2021, and cancer with 3.4% of patients who died in 2021. All comorbidities were identified with an OR >1 and p<0.05 of significance. The age of 60 years or more, turned out to be a significant risk factor with (p<0.05), for the condition of death by Covid -19. It is then concluded that obesity, lung disease, diabetes, hypertension, cardiovascular disease, cancer and the elderly were the risk factors associated with the mortality of patients with Covid-19 in the Salaverry district
The risk factors associated with the mortality of patients diagnosed with Covid-19 were determined. Permission was requested from the competent authority of the Salaverry Health Center to collect data from the patient's records. The study was descriptive, with a quantitative approach and a correlational, retrospective design. The population corresponded to a total of 1668 records of medical records of patients with risk factors diagnosed with COVID-19, from March 2020 - June 2021, who met the inclusion and exclusion criteria. For the analysis of the information, a database was prepared in Excel, and the statistical analysis was carried out with the RStudio Program version 4.2.1. Likewise, the Pearson chi-square test was used to assess the relationship between the condition variable of the patient with Covid-19 (deceased and non-deceased) with each of the variables considered possible risk factors, as well as the OR ( Odds ratio) to identify the factors associated with death. The risk factor associated with death with the highest percentage during the years 2020 and 2021 was obesity, with 30.8% and 19.4% of deceased patients, respectively. In second place, there was lung disease with 19.2% of patients who died, during the year 2020 and in third place, diabetes with 11.5% and 16.1% of patients who died during the year 2020 and 2021 respectively, arterial hypertension with 9.7%. and cardiovascular disease with 6.5% of patients who died in 2021, and cancer with 3.4% of patients who died in 2021. All comorbidities were identified with an OR >1 and p<0.05 of significance. The age of 60 years or more, turned out to be a significant risk factor with (p<0.05), for the condition of death by Covid -19. It is then concluded that obesity, lung disease, diabetes, hypertension, cardiovascular disease, cancer and the elderly were the risk factors associated with the mortality of patients with Covid-19 in the Salaverry district
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Keywords
Factores de riesgo, mortalidad, covid-19