Manejo agronómico de papas nativas en la comunidad campesina La Victoria, Tayabamba, La Libertad
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Date
2024
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Universidad Nacional de Trujillo
Abstract
La presente investigación se realizó con el objetivo de describir el manejo agronómico de la producción de papas nativas en los caseríos de la comunidad campesina La Victoria, en Tayabamba, La Libertad. Para ello se realizó entrevistas a una muestra representativa de 10 agricultores en cada uno de los siguientes caserios: Allauca, Nuevo Progreso, Gochapita, Chaquicocha, Huarichaca, Huarimarca, Alborada de los Andes, obteniéndose los siguientes resultados: los agricultores utilizan semilla de las principales variedades nativas que han elegido y se siembran con el objetivo de comercializar y mantener su variabilidad genética, siendo las variedades más cultivadas Peruanita, Pingirina, Chagpa morada, Huarya colorada y Común (mezcla de variedades), realizan abonamiento utilizando materia orgánica como gallinaza y estiércol de ovino, conocido en la zona como majada, lo que les permite conservar y mejorar la fertilidad de sus suelos, no se utilizan fertilizantes químicos, logrando obtener un producto orgánico demandado en el mercado, logran un buen control de malezas, incluso en el caso del nabo, lo utilizan para preparar recetas culinarias, en los caseríos de la parte baja cuentan con reservorios de geomembrana que les permite disponer de agua en cualquier época del año, los caseríos de la parte alta dependen de las lluvias para satisfacer los requerimientos hídricos del cultivo. Además, han logrado controlar las principales enfermedades y plgas como la Rancha y Gorgojo de los Andes, que, aun presentándose durante la campaña, no representan problemas para los agricultores y los rendimientos son altos. El producto cosechado es utilizado para autoconsumo y comercio en mercado local y regional.
ABSTRACT The present work was carried out with the objective of consolidating the agronomic management of the production of native potatoes in the hamlets of the La Victoria Peasant community, in Tayabamba, La Libertad. For this purpose, a survey was applied to a representative sample of 10 farmers from the following villages: Allauca, Nuevo Progreso, Gochapita, Chaquicocha, Huarichaca, Huarimarca, Alborada de los Andes, obtaining the following results: farmers use seeds of the main native varieties that have been chosen and are planted with the objective of marketing and maintaining their genetic variability, the most cultivated varieties Peruanita, Pingirina, Chagpa morada, Huarya colorada and the Común (mixture of varieties), they carry out fertilization using organic matter such as chicken manure and sheep manure, known in the area as sheepfold, which allows them to conserve and improve the fertility of their soils, chemical fertilizers are not used, achieving an organic product in demand in the market, they achieve good weed control, even In the case of turnip, they use it to prepare culinary recipes. In the lower part of the villages they have geomembrane reservoirs that allow them to have water at any time of the year. The upper part of the villages depends on the rains to satisfy their needs. crop water requirements. In addition, they have managed to control the main pests and diseases such as Rancha and the Andean Weevil, which, even when they occur during the campaign, do not represent problems for farmers and the yields are high compared to previous years' yields. The harveste product is used for self-consumption and for commerce in local and regional markets. It is concluded that the success of agronomic management of native potatoes in the La Victoria farming community is conditioned by the ancestral customs that farmers practice and preserve as part of their cultural identity.
ABSTRACT The present work was carried out with the objective of consolidating the agronomic management of the production of native potatoes in the hamlets of the La Victoria Peasant community, in Tayabamba, La Libertad. For this purpose, a survey was applied to a representative sample of 10 farmers from the following villages: Allauca, Nuevo Progreso, Gochapita, Chaquicocha, Huarichaca, Huarimarca, Alborada de los Andes, obtaining the following results: farmers use seeds of the main native varieties that have been chosen and are planted with the objective of marketing and maintaining their genetic variability, the most cultivated varieties Peruanita, Pingirina, Chagpa morada, Huarya colorada and the Común (mixture of varieties), they carry out fertilization using organic matter such as chicken manure and sheep manure, known in the area as sheepfold, which allows them to conserve and improve the fertility of their soils, chemical fertilizers are not used, achieving an organic product in demand in the market, they achieve good weed control, even In the case of turnip, they use it to prepare culinary recipes. In the lower part of the villages they have geomembrane reservoirs that allow them to have water at any time of the year. The upper part of the villages depends on the rains to satisfy their needs. crop water requirements. In addition, they have managed to control the main pests and diseases such as Rancha and the Andean Weevil, which, even when they occur during the campaign, do not represent problems for farmers and the yields are high compared to previous years' yields. The harveste product is used for self-consumption and for commerce in local and regional markets. It is concluded that the success of agronomic management of native potatoes in the La Victoria farming community is conditioned by the ancestral customs that farmers practice and preserve as part of their cultural identity.
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Keywords
Papas nativas, Manejo agronómico, Semilla no certificada, Plagas y enfermedades