Obtención de callos a partir de tejido epitelial de tubérculos de Solanum tuberosum “perla negra” y determinación de principios activos
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Date
2024
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Universidad Nacional de Trujillo
Abstract
Solanum tuberosum “perla negra” es un tubérculo de la papa nativa de color oscuro con
propiedades antioxidantes, mediante la utilización de herramientas de biotecnología como la
técnica de cultivos de tejidos in vitro es que se puede generar un incremento de contenido
de metabolitos secundarios a través de callos en plantas. Por lo que se propone como objetivo
de la presente tesis, la obtención de callos a partir de tejido epitelial de tubérculos de Solanum
tuberosum “perla negra” y determinación de principios activos. Se utilizo el medio de cultivo
de Murashige & Skoog (MS) (1962), el cual fue enriquecido con agar al 0.8%, sacarosa al
3%, vitaminas y 2,4- diclorofenoxiacético (2,4-D) a concentraciones de 0.00, 0,50, 1.00 y
1.50 ppm. La investigación se realizó bajo un diseño experimental de diseño en bloques
completos al azar DBCA, con 96 unidades experimentales. A los 45 días se evaluó cada
unidad muestral según la escala de Santana. Para determinar la significancia estadística, se
utilizó el software Minitab. Se concluyo que el mayor porcentaje de inducción y formación
de callos según la escala Santana fue en grado 3, empleando un medio de cultivo MS
adicionado con 2,4-D, a la concentración de 1,00 ppm. De esta manera se pudo identificar
los componentes activos mediante la metodología descrita en el artículo: “Métodos de
análisis de drogas y extractos de la doctora Migdalia Martínez Miranda” (Miranda,2002) y
se comprobó que, si existe presencia de compuestos fenólicos totales, flavonoides y
alcaloides en los callos. Los resultados prometedores sugieren aplicaciones en la industria
alimentaria, farmacéutica y del bioplástico.
Solanum tuberosum “black pearl” is a dark-colored native potato tuber with antioxidant properties. By using biotechnology tools such as the in vitro tissue culture technique, an increase in the content of secondary metabolites can be generated through of calluses on plants. Therefore, the objective of this thesis is to obtain calluses from epithelial tissue of Solanum tuberosum “black pearl” tubers and determine the active ingredients. The basal culture medium of Murashige & Skoog (MS) (1962) was used, supplemented with vitamins, 3% sucrose, 0.8% agar and 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D) at concentrations of 0.00, 0. .50, 1.00 and 1.50 ppm. The research was carried out under a DBCA randomized complete block design, with 96 experimental units. After 45 days, each sample unit was evaluated according to the Santana scale. Minitab software was used to determine statistical significance. It was concluded that the highest percentage of callus induction and formation according to the Santana scale was grade 3, using an MS culture medium added with 2,4-D, at a concentration of 1.00 ppm. In this way, the active components could be identified using the methodology described in the article: “Methods of analysis of drugs and extracts by Dr. Migdalia Martínez Miranda” (Miranda, 2002) and it was verified that, if there is the presence of total phenolic compounds, flavonoids and alkaloids in calluses. The promising results suggest applications in the food, pharmaceutical and bioplastic industries.
Solanum tuberosum “black pearl” is a dark-colored native potato tuber with antioxidant properties. By using biotechnology tools such as the in vitro tissue culture technique, an increase in the content of secondary metabolites can be generated through of calluses on plants. Therefore, the objective of this thesis is to obtain calluses from epithelial tissue of Solanum tuberosum “black pearl” tubers and determine the active ingredients. The basal culture medium of Murashige & Skoog (MS) (1962) was used, supplemented with vitamins, 3% sucrose, 0.8% agar and 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D) at concentrations of 0.00, 0. .50, 1.00 and 1.50 ppm. The research was carried out under a DBCA randomized complete block design, with 96 experimental units. After 45 days, each sample unit was evaluated according to the Santana scale. Minitab software was used to determine statistical significance. It was concluded that the highest percentage of callus induction and formation according to the Santana scale was grade 3, using an MS culture medium added with 2,4-D, at a concentration of 1.00 ppm. In this way, the active components could be identified using the methodology described in the article: “Methods of analysis of drugs and extracts by Dr. Migdalia Martínez Miranda” (Miranda, 2002) and it was verified that, if there is the presence of total phenolic compounds, flavonoids and alkaloids in calluses. The promising results suggest applications in the food, pharmaceutical and bioplastic industries.
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