Efecto de tres concentraciones de Heterorhabditis bacteriophora Poinar en la mortalidad de prepupas y pupas de Spodoptera frugiperda (Smith & Abbot), en laboratorio e invernadero.
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Date
2018
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Universidad Nacional de Trujillo
Abstract
Este trabajo tuvo como objetivo determinar la mortalidad de pre pupas y pupas de Spodoptera frugiperda por efecto de tres concentraciones de Heterorhabditis bacteriophora. En laboratorio se trabajó en total con 60 pre pupas y 60 pupas del insecto a concentraciones de 1 000, 3 000 y 5 000 NEP’s/mL, se realizaron 3 repeticiones y un testigo. En el invernadero se usó una parcela de 60 m2, se sembraron coronas de Asparagus officinalis en 4 surcos de 15 m, 0.20 m entre planta y planta, 2.5 m entre surco y surco. Se realizaron tres tratamientos con un testigo, se utilizaron 12 sectores de surcos de 3 m, en cada sector se colocaron al azar 20 pre pupas y 20 pupas por la técnica del insecto trampa, para cada tratamiento se inoculó el nematodo a las mismas concentraciones en una mochila de inyección 10 L de agua. Se determinaron porcentajes de mortalidad, se realizó Análisis de Varianza y Prueba de Tukey, con un nivel de confianza de 95%. En ambos lugares se evaluó a las 24 y 48 horas y de 24, 48, 72, 96 y 120 horas para pre pupas y pupas respectivamente. En laboratorio, las pre pupas presentaron una mortalidad de 75, 87 y 92 %, en pupas 55, 70 y 80 % a la dosis de 1 000, 3 000 y 5 000 NEP’s/mL, respectivamente. En invernadero la mortalidad de pre pupas fue de 68, 70 y 78 % y en pupas 48, 53 y 62 %, a las mismas dosis. Se encontraron diferencias significativas a 1 000 y 5 000 NEP’s/mL en pre pupas y 1 000 NEP’s/mL en pupas en laboratorio; en invernadero sólo se encontró diferencia estadística a 5 000 NEP’s/mL en pupas, no presentaron diferencias significativas en pre pupas, en los tiempos se encontraron diferencias significativas en ambos estados. Se concluye que en laboratorio e invernadero la dosis más eficiente en la mortalidad de pre pupas y pupas de S. frugiperda fue de 5 000 NEP’s/ mL de H. bacteriphora.
Description
The objective of this work was to determine the mortality of pre pupae and pupae of Spodoptera frugiperda due to the effect of three concentrations of Heterorhabditis bacteriophora. In the laboratory, a total of 60 pre pupae and 60 pupae of the insect were worked at concentrations of 1 000, 3 000 and 5 000 NEP's / mL, 3 replications and a control were performed. A plot of 60 m2 was used in the greenhouse, crowns of Asparagus officinalis were sown in 4 rows of 15 m, 0.20 m between plant and plant, 2.5 m between furrow and furrow. Three treatments were carried out with one control, 12 sectors of 3 m rows were used, in each sector 20 pre pupae and 20 pupae were randomly placed by the trap insect technique, for each treatment the nematode was inoculated at the same concentrations in a 10 L water injection backpack. Mortality percentages were determined, Variance Analysis and Tukey. Test were performed, with a confidence level of 95%. In both places it was evaluated at 24 and 48 hours and 24, 48, 72, 96 and 120 hours for pre pupae and pupae respectively. In the laboratory, the pre pupae presented a mortality of 75, 87 and 92%, in pupae 55, 70 and 80% at the dose of 1 000, 3 000 and 5 000 NEP's / mL, respectively. In the greenhouse, pre-pupa mortality was 68, 70 and 78% and in pupae 48, 53 and 62%, at the same doses. Significant differences were found at 1 000 and 5 000 NEP's / mL in pre pupae and 1 000 NEP's / mL in pupae in the laboratory; in greenhouse only statistical difference was found at 5 000 NEP's / mL in pupae, they did not present significant differences in pre pupae, in the times significant differences were found in both states. It is concluded that in laboratory and greenhouse the most efficient dose in the mortality of pre pupae and pupae of S. frugiperda was 5 000 NEP's / mL of H. bacteriophora.
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Keywords
Heterorhabditis bacteriophora, Spodoptera frugiperda, mortalidad