Propuesta de gestión de un programa de control biológico de Hemiberlesia lataniae (Hemiptera: Diaspididae), en palto, Virú, Perú, 2019
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Date
2020
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Universidad Nacional de Trujillo
Abstract
El palto es un cultivo muy importante de agroexportación de la región La Libertad, por lo tanto, la presente investigación tuvo como objetivo elaborar una propuesta de gestión de un programa de Control Biológico de Hemiberlesia lataniae, en Virú, Perú, 2019, para lo cual se evaluó a la plaga y al parasitoide Encarsia citrina. La plaga es un Hemiptera: Diaspididae, que se presentó en una parcela de palto sin aplicación de insecticidas, del fundo COMPOSITAN en la localidad de Huancaquito Alto, provincia de Virú. La evaluación de la queresa se determinó , tomando en cuenta a las ninfas II, III y adultos hembra en cinco árboles, de los cuales se colectaron , en cada una de las doce evaluaciones semanales, en cada árbol: 20 frutos y 20 ramas de 10 cm., la evaluación se realizó in situ con ayuda de lupa, pinceles y tijeras de podar y el material biológico fue trasladado al laboratorio de Entomología de la Universidad Nacional de Trujillo, éstos fueron colocados en envases plásticos de 250 cc para la determinación de la plaga y del parasitoide, así como conocer la fluctuación poblacional de la queresa y la recuperación del parasitoide Encarsia citrina, y se determinó el porcentaje de parasitismo promedio sobre Hemiberlesia lataniae en frutos de palto, de 26,27 y el porcentaje de parasitismo promedio en ramas de palto, de 41,36. Se implementó propuestas para un programa de control biológico de H. lataniae, tales como Investigación taxonómica y aspectos biológicos y ecológicos de la plaga y del parasitoide; Control biológico por conservación; Traslado y liberación de núcleos del parasitoide; Conservación y manejo del habitad; Estructura del paisaje agrícola y biodiversidad de insectos; Información, comunicación y Tecnología e Investigación, los que servirán como ejemplo de desarrollo de otras plagas que afecten al palto en la región La Libertad y en Perú.
Avocado is a very important agro-export in the La Libertad region, therefore the present research aimed to develop a management proposal for a Biological Control program for Hemiberlesia lataniae, in Virú, Perú, 2019, to wich was evaluated to the pest and the parasitoid Encarsia citrina. The pest is a Hemiptera: Diaspididae, wich occurred in an avocado plot without the application of insecticides, from the COMPOSITAN farm in the town of El Carmelo, Virú province. The queresa evaluation was determined, taking into account the nymphs II, III and female adults in five trees, from which, in each of the twelve weekly evaluations, in each tree were collected: 20 fruits and 20 branches of 10 cm, The evaluation was carried out in situ, with the help of magnifying glasses, brushes and pruning shears and the biological material was transferred to the Entomology laboratory of the National University of Trujillo, these were placed in 250 cc plastic containers for the determination of the pest and of the parasitoid, as well to know the population fluctuation of the queresa and the recovery of the parasitoid Encarsia citrina, and the percentage of average parasitism on Hemiberlesia lataniae in avocado branches, of 26.27 and the percentage of average parasitism in avocado branches, of 41,36. Proposals for a biological and ecological aspects of the pest and the parasitoid; Biological Control by conservation; Transfer and release of parasitoid nuclei; Habitat conservation and management. Structure of the agricultural landscape and biodiversity of insects; Information, communication and Technology and Research, which will serve as an example of the development of other pests that affect avocado in the La Libertad region and in Perú.
Avocado is a very important agro-export in the La Libertad region, therefore the present research aimed to develop a management proposal for a Biological Control program for Hemiberlesia lataniae, in Virú, Perú, 2019, to wich was evaluated to the pest and the parasitoid Encarsia citrina. The pest is a Hemiptera: Diaspididae, wich occurred in an avocado plot without the application of insecticides, from the COMPOSITAN farm in the town of El Carmelo, Virú province. The queresa evaluation was determined, taking into account the nymphs II, III and female adults in five trees, from which, in each of the twelve weekly evaluations, in each tree were collected: 20 fruits and 20 branches of 10 cm, The evaluation was carried out in situ, with the help of magnifying glasses, brushes and pruning shears and the biological material was transferred to the Entomology laboratory of the National University of Trujillo, these were placed in 250 cc plastic containers for the determination of the pest and of the parasitoid, as well to know the population fluctuation of the queresa and the recovery of the parasitoid Encarsia citrina, and the percentage of average parasitism on Hemiberlesia lataniae in avocado branches, of 26.27 and the percentage of average parasitism in avocado branches, of 41,36. Proposals for a biological and ecological aspects of the pest and the parasitoid; Biological Control by conservation; Transfer and release of parasitoid nuclei; Habitat conservation and management. Structure of the agricultural landscape and biodiversity of insects; Information, communication and Technology and Research, which will serve as an example of the development of other pests that affect avocado in the La Libertad region and in Perú.
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Keywords
Hemiberlesia lataniae, Compositan, Investigación, Evaluación