Factores asociados a la recuperación ponderal en niños con bajo peso al nacer en el hospital regional docente de Trujillo, 2024
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Date
2024-07-08
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Universidad Nacional de Trujillo
Abstract
El bajo peso al nacer (BPN) afecta significativamente la salud infantil y representa un desafío en la salud pública, especialmente en regiones de bajos recursos. Objetivo: Determinar los factores asociados a la recuperación ponderal en niños con BPN atendidos en el hospital regional docente de Trujillo en 2024. Metodología: Se realizó un estudio analítico transversal incluyendo 385 niños menores de 5 años con diagnóstico de BPN. Se encuestó a padres y revisó historias clínicas para recolectar las variables como lactancia materna, suplementación, vacunación y asistencia a consultas. Se excluyeron niños con enfermedades crónicas, sin consentimiento o sin seguimiento. Resultados: Se encontró que 62% de los niños lograron una recuperación ponderal adecuada. Los factores significativamente asociados fueron la lactancia materna exclusiva ≥6 meses (OR: 2.5; IC 95%: 1.8-3.4) y la asistencia regular a consultas CRED (OR: 1.9; IC 95%: 1.3-2.7). Por otro lado, la prematuridad y la falta de suplementación nutricional disminuyeron las probabilidades de recuperación ponderal (p < 0.01). Conclusiones: La lactancia materna y el acceso a atención médica son factores asociados clave para la recuperación ponderal en niños con BPN.
Palabras clave: Recién Nacido de Bajo Peso, Lactancia Materna, Recuperación Nutricional
Abstract Low birth weight (LBW) significantly impacts child health and represents a public health challenge, especially in low-resource regions. Objective: To determine the factors associated with weight recovery in children with LBW treated at the Regional Teaching Hospital of Trujillo in 2024. Methods: A cross-sectional analytical study was conducted, including 385 children under 5 years old diagnosed with LBW. Parents were surveyed, and medical records were reviewed to collect variables such as breastfeeding, supplementation, vaccination, and attendance at follow-up visits. Children with chronic illnesses, without consent, or without follow-up were excluded. Results: It was found that 62% of children achieved adequate weight recovery. The factors significantly associated were exclusive breastfeeding for ≥6 months (OR: 2.5; 95% CI: 1.8-3.4) and regular attendance at CRED consultations (OR: 1.9; 95% CI: 1.3-2.7). Conversely, prematurity and lack of nutritional supplementation reduced the likelihood of weight recovery (p < 0.01). Conclusions: Breastfeeding and access to medical care are key factors associated with weight recovery in children with LBW.
Abstract Low birth weight (LBW) significantly impacts child health and represents a public health challenge, especially in low-resource regions. Objective: To determine the factors associated with weight recovery in children with LBW treated at the Regional Teaching Hospital of Trujillo in 2024. Methods: A cross-sectional analytical study was conducted, including 385 children under 5 years old diagnosed with LBW. Parents were surveyed, and medical records were reviewed to collect variables such as breastfeeding, supplementation, vaccination, and attendance at follow-up visits. Children with chronic illnesses, without consent, or without follow-up were excluded. Results: It was found that 62% of children achieved adequate weight recovery. The factors significantly associated were exclusive breastfeeding for ≥6 months (OR: 2.5; 95% CI: 1.8-3.4) and regular attendance at CRED consultations (OR: 1.9; 95% CI: 1.3-2.7). Conversely, prematurity and lack of nutritional supplementation reduced the likelihood of weight recovery (p < 0.01). Conclusions: Breastfeeding and access to medical care are key factors associated with weight recovery in children with LBW.
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Recién Nacido de Bajo Peso, Lactancia Materna, Recuperación Nutricional