Aplicación del protocolo de uso de las plantas medicinales por el poblador de La Esperanza, Trujillo, Perú
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Date
2024
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Universidad Nacional de Trujillo
Abstract
El conocimiento ancestral sobre el uso de plantas medicinales ha sido fundamental para
la humanidad, transmitiéndose desde figuras como los "Hampicamayoc" y boticarios en
el Incanato hasta los actuales "curanderos" y "abuelitas". Este legado sigue pautas
tradicionales que garantizan un uso correcto y eficaz. La presente investigación evaluó la
aplicación del protocolo etnobotánico de purga, desinflamación, fortificación y
tratamiento específico en el distrito de La Esperanza, Trujillo, Perú, mediante 96
encuestas realizadas en los principales mercados (La Victoria, La Merced, Acomimar y
Dios es Amor) y visitas a viviendas en La Esperanza Alta y Baja. El análisis estadístico,
apoyado por SPSS Statistics v27, R Studio y Microsoft Excel 2016, permitió sistematizar
los datos. Se concluyó que el protocolo representa un enfoque integral y eficaz para el
manejo de enfermedades, destacando la etapa de purga como esencial para eliminar
toxinas y optimizar las respuestas terapéuticas, con implicaciones físicas, psicológicas y
espirituales. El análisis etario mostró una mayor adherencia al protocolo en personas
mayores de 50 años, quienes valoran los beneficios de las plantas medicinales frente a los
efectos adversos de los medicamentos farmacológicos. En contraste, los menores de 50
años tienden a preferir tratamientos farmacológicos rápidos, lo que refleja una
desconexión con el conocimiento tradicional y un posible riesgo de pérdida de estas
prácticas. Se identificaron 68 especies purgantes (57 géneros, 26 familias), sobresaliendo
Euphorbiaceae, Rosaceae, Fabaceae y Lamiaceae, y 8 especies de mayor relevancia por
su valor de uso (IVU). Para las especies desinflamantes, se registraron 96 especies (81
géneros, 38 familias), predominando Asteraceae, Lamiaceae y Malvaceae, con 14
especies clave según IVU. Asimismo, 35 especies fortificantes (32 géneros, 17 familias)
fueron reportadas, destacando Brassicaceae, Moraceae y Poaceae, y 14 especies
consideradas relevantes por su impacto comunitario. Este estudio resalta la importancia
de preservar el conocimiento etnobotánico, promoviendo su integración en sistemas de
salud modernos, y enfatiza la necesidad de investigaciones que validen científicamente
las prácticas tradicionales para asegurar su continuidad y sostenibilidad.
History has shown that the knowledge of plants to heal and / or alleviate diseases and / or ailments has been vital for humanity; legacy that lasts thanks to the transmission that has been made generation after generation, from the "Hampicamayoc", "Oquetlupuc" and "Sircac", and apothecaries like "Colla-huaya", in the Incanato, until today, where it remains the memory of the "healers", "shamans", "grandmothers", who follow certain protocols, criteria and recommendations, established over time, for their correct, effective and efficient use. This research aimed to establish to what extent the population continues to use the protocol of: "purging", "reducing inflammation", "strengthening" and "treating" diseases with medicinal plants in the North of Peru. 384 surveys were applied during botanical explorations to various locations in the northern departments of Peru, carried out in an average of 5 explorations per year, of 8 days each, from 2017 to 2019. The information collected and analyzed, with descriptive and inferential statistics, allowed to elaborate tables and statistical tests, to show the results. 77 “purgative” species are reported, distributed in 66 genera and 35 families; 109 “anti-inflammatory” species, distributed in 94 genera and 51 families, and 42 “fortifying” species, distributed in 39 genera and 24 families. It is concluded that there is a strong tendency to abandon the use of the complete protocol, since only 7.6% of the population makes use of the 4 steps of the protocol: "purge", "reduce inflammation", "strengthen" and "treat" the diseases achieving greater effectiveness.
History has shown that the knowledge of plants to heal and / or alleviate diseases and / or ailments has been vital for humanity; legacy that lasts thanks to the transmission that has been made generation after generation, from the "Hampicamayoc", "Oquetlupuc" and "Sircac", and apothecaries like "Colla-huaya", in the Incanato, until today, where it remains the memory of the "healers", "shamans", "grandmothers", who follow certain protocols, criteria and recommendations, established over time, for their correct, effective and efficient use. This research aimed to establish to what extent the population continues to use the protocol of: "purging", "reducing inflammation", "strengthening" and "treating" diseases with medicinal plants in the North of Peru. 384 surveys were applied during botanical explorations to various locations in the northern departments of Peru, carried out in an average of 5 explorations per year, of 8 days each, from 2017 to 2019. The information collected and analyzed, with descriptive and inferential statistics, allowed to elaborate tables and statistical tests, to show the results. 77 “purgative” species are reported, distributed in 66 genera and 35 families; 109 “anti-inflammatory” species, distributed in 94 genera and 51 families, and 42 “fortifying” species, distributed in 39 genera and 24 families. It is concluded that there is a strong tendency to abandon the use of the complete protocol, since only 7.6% of the population makes use of the 4 steps of the protocol: "purge", "reduce inflammation", "strengthen" and "treat" the diseases achieving greater effectiveness.
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HUMANITIES and RELIGION::History and philosophy subjects::History subjects::History