Prevalencia de bacterias y hongos causante de úlcera corneal infecciosa y factores de riesgo en Centros Especializados de Trujillo, Perú
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2024
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Universidad Nacional de Trujillo
Abstract
El objetivo de la investigación fue determinar la prevalencia de bacterias y hongos causantes de úlcera corneal infecciosa y factores de riesgo en pacientes de Centros Especializados de Trujillo, Perú. Se empleó el método descriptivo transversal de tipo retrospectivo, con 116 pacientes de todas las edades con diagnóstico de úlcera corneal atendidos por el Instituto de Medicina Tropical “Hernán Miranda Cueto” y el Laboratorio Especializado Kid Lab para su estudio microbiológico durante los períodos 2018 - 2020 y 2022, los datos se obtuvieron de historias clínicas y fueron ingresados en la ficha de recolección de datos. De 116 pacientes, todos fueron positivos a úlcera corneal, de los cuales el 19,8% fueron positivos para bacterias, el 45,7 % positivos para hongos y el 34,5% por otros agentes. Las bacterias gram negativas presentaron una prevalencia de 87 % y las grampositivas con 13 %, los hongos filamentosos un 98,1% y las levaduras 1,9%. En los factores de riesgo el sexo masculino presentó una prevalencia de 64,7% y el sexo femenino de 35,23%, el rango de edades entre 35 a 49 años obtuvo mayor prevalencia con 29,3% y el de menor en edades de 5 a 19 años con 5,2%; según la ocupación, los obreros presentaron mayor prevalencia con 47,4%, seguido de agricultor con 16,4%, en la zona de residencia la zona urbana presentó una prevalencia de 63,8% y la zona rural de 36,2%. Se concluye que la prevalencia de úlceras corneales causadas por bacterias y hongos fue de 65.6%, siendo mayor en hongos con 45.7% que en bacterias con 19,8%, de las cuales las bacterias gram positivas obtuvieron mayor prevalencia que las gram negativas. Entre los factores con mayor prevalencia relacionados a la infección se encuentran el sexo masculino con 64,7%, la edad entre los 35 a 49 años 29,3%, la ocupación de obrero 47,4% y las zonas urbanas con 63,8%.
The objective of the research was to determine the prevalence of bacteria and fungi causing infectious corneal ulcer and risk factors in patients from Specialized Centers in Trujillo, Peru. The retrospective cross-sectional descriptive method was used, with 116 patients of all ages with a diagnosis of corneal ulcer treated by the “Hernán Miranda Cueto” Institute of Tropical Medicine and the Kid Lab Specialized Laboratory for their microbiological study during the periods 2018 - 2020. and 2022, the data were obtained from medical records and were entered in the data collection form. Of 116 patients, all were positive for corneal ulcer, of which 19.8% were positive for bacteria, 45.7% positive for fungi, and 34.5% for other agents. Gram-negative bacteria had a prevalence of 87% and gram-positive bacteria with 13%, filamentous fungi 98.1% and yeasts 1.9%. In the risk factors, the male sex had a prevalence of 64.7% and the female sex 35.23%, the age range between 35 to 49 years had the highest prevalence with 29.3% and the lowest in the age range of 5 to 19 years old with 5.2%; According to the occupation, workers had the highest prevalence with 47.4%, followed by farmers with 16.4%, in the area of residence the urban area had a prevalence of 63.8% and the rural area 36.2%. It is concluded that the prevalence of corneal ulcers caused by bacteria and fungi was 65.6%, being higher in fungi with 45.7% than in bacteria with 19.8%, of which gram positive bacteria obtained a higher prevalence than gram negative bacteria. Among the factors with the highest prevalence related to infection are male sex with 64.7%, age between 35 to 49 years 29.3%, occupation as a worker 47.4% and urban areas with 63.8%.
The objective of the research was to determine the prevalence of bacteria and fungi causing infectious corneal ulcer and risk factors in patients from Specialized Centers in Trujillo, Peru. The retrospective cross-sectional descriptive method was used, with 116 patients of all ages with a diagnosis of corneal ulcer treated by the “Hernán Miranda Cueto” Institute of Tropical Medicine and the Kid Lab Specialized Laboratory for their microbiological study during the periods 2018 - 2020. and 2022, the data were obtained from medical records and were entered in the data collection form. Of 116 patients, all were positive for corneal ulcer, of which 19.8% were positive for bacteria, 45.7% positive for fungi, and 34.5% for other agents. Gram-negative bacteria had a prevalence of 87% and gram-positive bacteria with 13%, filamentous fungi 98.1% and yeasts 1.9%. In the risk factors, the male sex had a prevalence of 64.7% and the female sex 35.23%, the age range between 35 to 49 years had the highest prevalence with 29.3% and the lowest in the age range of 5 to 19 years old with 5.2%; According to the occupation, workers had the highest prevalence with 47.4%, followed by farmers with 16.4%, in the area of residence the urban area had a prevalence of 63.8% and the rural area 36.2%. It is concluded that the prevalence of corneal ulcers caused by bacteria and fungi was 65.6%, being higher in fungi with 45.7% than in bacteria with 19.8%, of which gram positive bacteria obtained a higher prevalence than gram negative bacteria. Among the factors with the highest prevalence related to infection are male sex with 64.7%, age between 35 to 49 years 29.3%, occupation as a worker 47.4% and urban areas with 63.8%.
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