Diagnóstico situacional de la producción de leche en la provincia de Santiago de Chuco – 2019
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Date
2022
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Universidad Nacional de Trujillo
Abstract
El presente estudio tuvo por objetivo realizar el diagnóstico situacional de la producción de leche en la provincia de Santiago de Chuco, año 2019. Para ello, se determinó una muestra de 134 productores de leche que pertenecen a la población económicamente activa (PEA) en el área rural de la provincia, específicamente en la actividad económica ganadería; distribuyéndose la encuesta en diversos centros poblados de la provincia, para su aplicación respectiva. Obteniéndose, que la mayor población bovina a nivel provincial se encuentra en el distrito de Santiago de Chuco con el 42.40%, seguido de Quiruvilca con el 18.30%, Cachicadán con el 17.10%, Angasmarca con 7.32%, Sitabamba con 6.68%, Mollepata con 4.01%, Santa Cruz de Chuca con 2.52% y Mollebamba con 1.66%; además, del total del ganado bovino, el 40.50% son de raza criolla, 24.32% Brown Swiss, 11.29% Holstein, 3.08% Jersey, 6.12% Fleiber y 12.70% otras razas como Cebú, Pardo Suizo, Shorthorn, Ghirolando. En cuanto a la alimentación, el 78.36% de los ganaderos lo alimenta sus bovinos con pastos naturales y el 21.64% de pastos naturales y cultivados, tanto en terrenos propios como en parcelas arrendadas con poca disponibilidad de agua; también, el 7.46% de los productores complementa la alimentación de su ganado con alimentos balanceados. La reproducción de los bovinos es por monta natural y mínimamente por inseminación artificial; sobre sanidad animal, la parasitosis con mayor incidencia es la fasciola hepática y las enfermedades frecuentes son, el carbunco sintomático y la fiebre aftosa. A su vez, el 28.03% del total del ganado bovino son vacas en ordeño y producen en promedio 6.9 L/vaca/día. En ese sentido, la cantidad de vacas en ordeño para el 2019 fue 2,060 con una producción de leche aproximada de 3,749,100 litros. Finalmente, los productores lecheros no reciben capacitación, ni asistencia técnica y el nivel de asociatividad es limitado.
ABSTRACT The objective of this study was to carry out a situational diagnostic of milk production in the province of Santiago de Chuco, year 2019. For this, a sample of 134 milk producers belonging to the economically active population (EAP) in the rural area of the province, specifically in the livestock economic activity; distributing the survey in various populated centers of the province, for its respective application. Obtaining, that the largest bovine population at the provincial level is in the district of Santiago de Chuco with 42.40%, followed by Quiruvilca with 18.30%, Cachicadán with 17.10%, Angasmarca with 7.32%, Sitabamba with 6.68%, Mollepata with 4.01%, Santa Cruz de Chuca with 2.52% and Mollebamba with 1.66%; Furthermore, of the total of cattle, 40.50% are Creole, 24.32% Brown Swiss, 11.29% Holstein, 3.08% Jersey, 6.12% Fleiber and 12.70% other breeds such as Zebu, Brown Swiss, Shorthorn, Ghirolando. Regarding food, 78.36% of the cattle ranchers feed their cattle with natural pastures and 21.64% with natural and cultivated pastures, both on their own land and on rented plots with little water availability; also, 7.46% of the producers complement the feeding of their cattle with balanced foods. Bovine reproduction is by natural mounting and minimally by artificial insemination; Regarding animal health, the parasitosis with the highest incidence is liver fluke and the frequent diseases are symptomatic anthrax and foot-and-mouth disease. In turn, 28.03% of the total cattle are milking cows and produce an average of 6.9 L /cow/day. In that sense, the number of milking cows for 2019 was 2,060 with an approximate milk production of 3,749,100 liters. Finally, dairy producers do not receive training or technical assistance and the level of associativity is limited.
ABSTRACT The objective of this study was to carry out a situational diagnostic of milk production in the province of Santiago de Chuco, year 2019. For this, a sample of 134 milk producers belonging to the economically active population (EAP) in the rural area of the province, specifically in the livestock economic activity; distributing the survey in various populated centers of the province, for its respective application. Obtaining, that the largest bovine population at the provincial level is in the district of Santiago de Chuco with 42.40%, followed by Quiruvilca with 18.30%, Cachicadán with 17.10%, Angasmarca with 7.32%, Sitabamba with 6.68%, Mollepata with 4.01%, Santa Cruz de Chuca with 2.52% and Mollebamba with 1.66%; Furthermore, of the total of cattle, 40.50% are Creole, 24.32% Brown Swiss, 11.29% Holstein, 3.08% Jersey, 6.12% Fleiber and 12.70% other breeds such as Zebu, Brown Swiss, Shorthorn, Ghirolando. Regarding food, 78.36% of the cattle ranchers feed their cattle with natural pastures and 21.64% with natural and cultivated pastures, both on their own land and on rented plots with little water availability; also, 7.46% of the producers complement the feeding of their cattle with balanced foods. Bovine reproduction is by natural mounting and minimally by artificial insemination; Regarding animal health, the parasitosis with the highest incidence is liver fluke and the frequent diseases are symptomatic anthrax and foot-and-mouth disease. In turn, 28.03% of the total cattle are milking cows and produce an average of 6.9 L /cow/day. In that sense, the number of milking cows for 2019 was 2,060 with an approximate milk production of 3,749,100 liters. Finally, dairy producers do not receive training or technical assistance and the level of associativity is limited.
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Keywords
Diagnóstico, Bovino, Productor lechero, Santiago de Chuco