Seguimiento farmacoterapéutico en pacientes de optimización de antibióticos en un hospital nivel III - Trujillo, noviembre 2023 - enero 2024
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Date
2024
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Universidad Nacional de Trujillo
Abstract
El objetivo de la presente investigación fue describir las características de las intervenciones del seguimiento farmacoterapéutico en pacientes del Programa de Optimización de Antibióticos (PROA) en un hospital de nivel III en Trujillo, durante el periodo de noviembre de 2023 a enero de 2024. El método empleado fue un estudio descriptivo y retrospectivo, basado en el análisis documental de historias clínicas de 56 pacientes hospitalizados, seleccionados de acuerdo con criterios específicos. El procedimiento incluyó la aceptación del servicio de seguimiento farmacoterapéutico, el cual se realizó monitoreado por un químico farmacéutico, la identificación de pacientes con enfermedades infecciosas, el análisis de la situación clínica de los pacientes, la elaboración de un plan de intervención farmacéutica, y la evaluación y seguimiento de dicho plan. Los factores más influyentes en la respuesta al tratamiento antibiótico fueron la edad, género, comorbilidades, y el tipo de infección. En cuanto a la erradicación de microorganismos, Escherichia coli y Staphylococcus aureus mostraron altas tasas de erradicación (82,61% y 86,67%, respectivamente), mientras que Pseudomonas aeruginosa presentó una tasa de erradicación inferior (52,94%). Las intervenciones farmacéuticas más frecuentes se centraron en la monitorización de interacciones (50,98%) y cambios de medicamentos (17,65%), destacando la importancia de ajustar continuamente la terapia para optimizar los resultados. Se concluye que el seguimiento farmacoterapéutico en el marco del PROA es efectivo para mejorar el tratamiento antibiótico y reducir la resistencia bacteriana en pacientes hospitalizados.
ABSTRACT The objective of this research was to describe the characteristics of pharmacotherapeutic follow-up interventions in patients enrolled in the Antibiotic Optimization Program (PROA) at a level III hospital in Trujillo, during the period from November 2023 to January 2024. The method employed was a descriptive and retrospective study based on the documentary analysis of medical records from 56 hospitalized patients, selected according to specific criteria. The procedure included acceptance of the pharmacotherapeutic follow-up service, which was monitored by a pharmaceutical chemist, identification of patients with infectious diseases, analysis of the patients' clinical situation, development of a pharmaceutical intervention plan, and evaluation and follow-up of the plan. The most influential factors in the response to antibiotic treatment were age, gender, comorbidities, and the type of infection. Regarding the eradication of microorganisms, Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus showed high eradication rates (82,61% and 86,67%, respectively), while Pseudomonas aeruginosa presented a lower eradication rate (52,94%). The most frequent pharmaceutical interventions focused on monitoring interactions (50,98%) and changing medications (17,65%), highlighting the importance of continuously adjusting therapy to optimize outcomes. It is concluded that pharmacotherapeutic follow-up within the framework of PROA is effective in improving antibiotic treatment and reducing bacterial resistance in hospitalized patients.
ABSTRACT The objective of this research was to describe the characteristics of pharmacotherapeutic follow-up interventions in patients enrolled in the Antibiotic Optimization Program (PROA) at a level III hospital in Trujillo, during the period from November 2023 to January 2024. The method employed was a descriptive and retrospective study based on the documentary analysis of medical records from 56 hospitalized patients, selected according to specific criteria. The procedure included acceptance of the pharmacotherapeutic follow-up service, which was monitored by a pharmaceutical chemist, identification of patients with infectious diseases, analysis of the patients' clinical situation, development of a pharmaceutical intervention plan, and evaluation and follow-up of the plan. The most influential factors in the response to antibiotic treatment were age, gender, comorbidities, and the type of infection. Regarding the eradication of microorganisms, Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus showed high eradication rates (82,61% and 86,67%, respectively), while Pseudomonas aeruginosa presented a lower eradication rate (52,94%). The most frequent pharmaceutical interventions focused on monitoring interactions (50,98%) and changing medications (17,65%), highlighting the importance of continuously adjusting therapy to optimize outcomes. It is concluded that pharmacotherapeutic follow-up within the framework of PROA is effective in improving antibiotic treatment and reducing bacterial resistance in hospitalized patients.
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Keywords
Seguimiento farmacoterapéutico. Optimización de antibióticos. Resistencia bacteriana. PROA. Enfermedades infecciosas