Turismo y crecimiento económico en el Perú 2007-2020
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Date
2024
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Universidad Nacional de Trujillo
Abstract
La presente investigación analiza el impacto del turismo en el crecimiento económico
de las regiones del Perú durante el periodo 2007-2020, mediante estimaciones de
modelos de panel data con información secundaria del INEI, BCRP, MINCETUR y
MEF.
Los resultados permiten establecer que si el tiempo de permanencia de los turistas se
incrementa en 1% el PBI per cápita incrementa en 0.26%, es decir, existe un impacto
positivo y estadísticamente significativo del turismo sobre el crecimiento económico
regional. Lo que se encuentra asociado al importante dinamismo que ha tenido el
sector durante el periodo de análisis, siendo Tumbes la de mayor crecimiento de
pernoctaciones (14.8% promedio anual), seguido por Amazonas (10.6%) y Apurímac
(10.1%); así también, Lima y Cusco lideran la cantidad promedio anual de
pernoctaciones, que se explica en el caso de la capital de país por ser el centro de
operaciones de las principales empresas en el país y de las instituciones públicas, y
también, por constituir la primera escala de los turistas extranjeros, mientras que en
el caso de Cusco, por su importante dotación de recursos turísticos, entre los que
destaca Machu Picchu. Otras variables que promueven el crecimiento económico
regional son la inversión pública y venta de energía eléctrica, cuyos impactos son del
0.22% y 0.23% respectivamente.
This research analyzes the impact of tourism on the economic growth of the regions of Peru during the period 2007-2020, through estimates of panel data models with secondary information from INEI, BCRP, MINCETUR and MEF. The results allow us to establish that if the residence time of the visitors increases by 1%, the GDP per capita increases by 0.26%, that is, there is a positive and statistically significant impact of tourism on regional economic growth. This is associated with the important dynamism that the sector has had during the analysis period, Tumbes being the one with the highest growth in overnight stays (14.8% annual average), followed by Amazonas (10.6%) and Apurímac (10, 1%); likewise, Lima and Cusco lead the average annual number of overnight stays, which is explained in the case of the country's capital because it is the center of operations of the main companies in the country and public institutions, and also, because they constitute the first escalation of foreign tourists, while in the case of Cusco, for its important endowment of tourist resources, among which Machu Picchu stands out. Other variables that promote regional economic growth are public investment and the sale of electricity, whose impacts are 0.22% and 0.23% respectively.
This research analyzes the impact of tourism on the economic growth of the regions of Peru during the period 2007-2020, through estimates of panel data models with secondary information from INEI, BCRP, MINCETUR and MEF. The results allow us to establish that if the residence time of the visitors increases by 1%, the GDP per capita increases by 0.26%, that is, there is a positive and statistically significant impact of tourism on regional economic growth. This is associated with the important dynamism that the sector has had during the analysis period, Tumbes being the one with the highest growth in overnight stays (14.8% annual average), followed by Amazonas (10.6%) and Apurímac (10, 1%); likewise, Lima and Cusco lead the average annual number of overnight stays, which is explained in the case of the country's capital because it is the center of operations of the main companies in the country and public institutions, and also, because they constitute the first escalation of foreign tourists, while in the case of Cusco, for its important endowment of tourist resources, among which Machu Picchu stands out. Other variables that promote regional economic growth are public investment and the sale of electricity, whose impacts are 0.22% and 0.23% respectively.
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HUMANITIES and RELIGION::History and philosophy subjects::History subjects::History