Prevalencia de Leishmaniasis en la Provincia de Sánchez Carrión según factores de riesgo durante el periodo 2020 – 2022
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Date
2024
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Universidad Nacional de Trujillo
Abstract
La enfermedad de Leishmaniasis representa uno de los principales problemas de salud pública en diversas regiones del país. El propósito de esta investigación fue determinar la prevalencia de la leishmaniasis tegumentaria humana en la provincia de Sánchez Carrión durante los años 2020 – 2022 y su relación con factores de riesgo tales como la edad, sexo y lugar de procedencia. Para ello, se llevó a cabo un estudio cuantitativo-descriptivo de corte retrospectivo, con un universo muestral de 165 casos confirmados. Los datos fueron recopilados mediante fichas clínico-epidemiológicas de pacientes que acudieron a un centro de salud de la provincia seleccionada. Los resultados de la investigación revelaron que la prevalencia de casos de leishmaniasis se clasifica como moderada, con un índice del 41%. Siendo el año 2021 como el periodo con la mayor prevalencia (47%). Todos los casos diagnosticados correspondieron a leishmaniasis cutánea. El lugar de procedencia de mayor porcentaje de prevalencia fue el distrito de Sartimbamba (70%) y los grupos etarios más afectados por la enfermedad son los adultos mayores (100%) y los niños de 0 – 11 años (97%), en términos de distribución por género, los de sexo masculino tenían una mayor prevalencia (45%). Estos resultados sirven como base para la creación de planes de cuidado y promoción de la salud para el equipo de salud, con especial énfasis en el personal de enfermería.
The disease of leishmaniasis represents one of the major public health issues in various regions of the country. The purpose of this research was to determine the prevalence of human cutaneous leishmaniasis in the province of Sánchez Carrión during the years 2020 to 2022 and its relationship with risk factors such as age, sex, and place of origin. To this end, a quantitative-descriptive retrospective study was conducted, involving a sample universe of 165 confirmed cases. Data were collected using clinical-epidemiological forms from patients who visited a health center in the selected province. The results of the investigation revealed that the prevalence of leishmaniasis cases is classified as moderate, with an index of 41%. The year 2021 was identified as the period with the highest prevalence (47%). All diagnosed cases corresponded to cutaneous leishmaniasis. The district with the highest prevalence percentage was Sartimbamba (70%), and the most affected age groups were the elderly (100%) and children aged 0 to 11 years (97%). In terms of gender distribution, males exhibited a higher prevalence (45%). These results serve as a foundation for the development of health care and promotion plans for the health team, with a particular emphasis on nursing personnel.
The disease of leishmaniasis represents one of the major public health issues in various regions of the country. The purpose of this research was to determine the prevalence of human cutaneous leishmaniasis in the province of Sánchez Carrión during the years 2020 to 2022 and its relationship with risk factors such as age, sex, and place of origin. To this end, a quantitative-descriptive retrospective study was conducted, involving a sample universe of 165 confirmed cases. Data were collected using clinical-epidemiological forms from patients who visited a health center in the selected province. The results of the investigation revealed that the prevalence of leishmaniasis cases is classified as moderate, with an index of 41%. The year 2021 was identified as the period with the highest prevalence (47%). All diagnosed cases corresponded to cutaneous leishmaniasis. The district with the highest prevalence percentage was Sartimbamba (70%), and the most affected age groups were the elderly (100%) and children aged 0 to 11 years (97%). In terms of gender distribution, males exhibited a higher prevalence (45%). These results serve as a foundation for the development of health care and promotion plans for the health team, with a particular emphasis on nursing personnel.
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