Diseño y aplicación de una metodología de logística inversa y su influencia en la productividad de una empresa embotelladora de gaseosas
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Date
2023
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Universidad Nacional de Trujillo
Abstract
El objetivo de esta investigación es identificar las actividades de valor que se integran en la
Cadena Productiva de las empresas embotelladoras de Trujillo y que incluya los sistemas de
recuperación de los residuos de la botella de plástico. De esta manera, tenemos un diseño de
Cadena de Suministro y Logística Inversa para aumentar la productividad integrando los
principios de Economía Circular. La metodología de investigación se basa con el estudio de
dos casos y la elaboración de cuestionarios estructurados, procesados estadísticamente con
el Software SPSS y la Prueba Chi Cuadrado para la constatación de la hipótesis y así
determinar la situación competitiva con relación a la estrategia y la logística empresarial.
Los resultados de medir la influencia en la productividad económica por el sistema de la
Cadena de Suministro Inversa se aplicó los siguientes modelos: Flujo de Caja Descontado,
el CAPM (Capital Asset Pricing Model) y para el análisis de sensibilidad y riesgos con la
herramienta de Crystal Ball. Respecto al impacto del sistema de Logística Inversa en la
productividad económica se obtuvieron los siguientes resultados con un costo de capital del
16,68%, la rentabilidad de la planta recicladora tuvo un impacto de VAN $ 88 969 y TIR
56,11%, que son indicadores de largo plazo. Para los resultados de la productividad
económica de corto plazo, se aplicó el EVA (Valor Económico Agregado) con un valor de
$ 21 973, que demuestra la creación de valor para los accionistas.
El aporte al conocimiento a la literatura del análisis de los principios de la economía circular
en esta investigación lo relacionamos con el rol que desempeña la empresa en su
responsabilidad social corporativa para lograr una mejor calidad de vida para la sociedad.
The objective of this research is to identify the value activities that are integrated in the Productive Chain of the bottling companies in Trujillo and that include the recovery systems of plastic bottle waste. In this way, we have a Supply Chain and Reverse Logistics design to increase productivity by integrating the principles of Circular Economy. The research methodology is based on the study of two cases and the elaboration of structured questionnaires, statistically processed with SPSS Software and the Chi-Square Test for the verification of the hypothesis and thus determine the competitive situation in relation to the strategy and business logistics. The results of measuring the influence of the Reverse Supply Chain system on economic productivity were measured using the following models: Discounted Cash Flow, the CAPM (Capital Asset Pricing Model) and the Crystal Ball tool for sensitivity and risk analysis. Regarding the impact of the Reverse Logistics system on economic productivity, the following results were obtained with a cost of capital of 16.68%, the profitability of the recycling plant had an impact of NPV $ 88,969 and IRR 56.11%, which are long-term indicators. For the results of the short-term economic productivity, the EVA (Economic Value Added) was applied with a value of $ 21,973, which demonstrates the creation of value for the shareholders. The contribution to knowledge to the literature of the analysis of the principles of circular economy in this research is related to the role played by the company in its corporate social responsibility to achieve a better quality of life for society.
The objective of this research is to identify the value activities that are integrated in the Productive Chain of the bottling companies in Trujillo and that include the recovery systems of plastic bottle waste. In this way, we have a Supply Chain and Reverse Logistics design to increase productivity by integrating the principles of Circular Economy. The research methodology is based on the study of two cases and the elaboration of structured questionnaires, statistically processed with SPSS Software and the Chi-Square Test for the verification of the hypothesis and thus determine the competitive situation in relation to the strategy and business logistics. The results of measuring the influence of the Reverse Supply Chain system on economic productivity were measured using the following models: Discounted Cash Flow, the CAPM (Capital Asset Pricing Model) and the Crystal Ball tool for sensitivity and risk analysis. Regarding the impact of the Reverse Logistics system on economic productivity, the following results were obtained with a cost of capital of 16.68%, the profitability of the recycling plant had an impact of NPV $ 88,969 and IRR 56.11%, which are long-term indicators. For the results of the short-term economic productivity, the EVA (Economic Value Added) was applied with a value of $ 21,973, which demonstrates the creation of value for the shareholders. The contribution to knowledge to the literature of the analysis of the principles of circular economy in this research is related to the role played by the company in its corporate social responsibility to achieve a better quality of life for society.
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Keywords
Logística inversa, Productividad económica, Cadena de suministro, Economía circular