Características farmacognósticas, cuantificación de antocianinas totales y capacidad antioxidante in vitro del fruto de Eugenia quebradensis (Gashmin)
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Date
2025
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Universidad Nacional de Trujillo
Abstract
El objetivo de ésta investigación fue analizar las características farmacognósticas, cuantificar las antocianinas totales y evaluar la capacidad antioxidante in vitro del fruto de Eugenia quebradensis (gashmin). La planta fue recolectada en el distrito de Contumazá, Cajamarca, e identificada en el Herbarium Truxillense con el registro y depósito N° 59449. Se estudiaron los frutos, determinándose características farmacognósticas (parámetros de percepción y físico-químicos). Además, del extracto etanólico al 96° GL, se cuantificaron las antocianinas totales y se evaluó la capacidad antioxidante mediante el método DPPH°. Los resultados mostraron que el fruto tiene forma ovoide, superficie lisa, peso promedio de 2,46±0,12 g, dimensiones de 18,0x16,0 mm, color rojo-negruzco, olor característico y sabor agridulce. Se registró una humedad residual de 6,73±0,19 %, sustancias extraíbles de 18,77±0,55 mg/mL en etanol 96° GL, 20,03±0,84 mg/mL en etanol 70° GL, 21,78±1,11 mg/mL en etanol 50° GL, y 25,32±1,08 mg/mL en agua; y un contenido de cenizas totales de 3,62±0,21 %. Se identificó la presencia de compuestos fenólicos, flavonoides, taninos, saponinas y leucoantocianidinas. En el extracto etanólico al 96° GL, se cuantificaron 59,591±0,330 mg ECG/100 g FS de antocianinas totales, una capacidad antioxidante de 1421,56±9,83 mg EAA/100 g FS, un porcentaje de inhibición del 79,94±1,721 % y un IC50 de 0,423±0,061 μg/mL. Dado que no existe literatura previa sobre ésta especie, los hallazgos de ésta investigación proporcionan un punto de referencia para estudios futuros.
The objective of this research was to analyze the pharmacognostic characteristics, quantify the total anthocyanins and evaluate the in vitro antioxidant capacity of the fruit of Eugenia quebradensis (gashmin). The plant was collected in the district of Contumazá, Cajamarca, and identified in the Herbarium Truxillense with the corresponding registry and deposit con number N° 59449. The fruits were studied, determining pharmacognostic characteristics (perception and physical-chemical parameters). In addition, from the ethanolic extract at 96° GL, the total anthocyanins were quantified and the antioxidant capacity was evaluated using the DPPH° method. The results showed that the fruit has an ovoid shape, smooth surface, average weight of 2.46±0.12 g, dimensions of 18.0x16.0 mm, blackish-red color, characteristic odor and bittersweet taste. A residual humidity of 6.73±0.19%, extractable substances of 18.77±0.55 mg/mL in 96° GL ethanol, 20.03±0.84 mg/mL in 70° GL ethanol, 21.78±1.11 mg/mL in 50° GL ethanol, and 25.32±1.08 mg/mL in water were recorded; and a total ash content of 3.62±0.21%. The presence of phenolic compounds, flavonoids, tannins, saponins and leucoanthocyanidins was identified. In the 96° GL ethanolic extract, 59.591±0.330 mg ECG/100 g FS of total anthocyanins, an antioxidant capacity of 1421.56±9.83 mg EAA/100 g FS, an inhibition percentage of 79.94±1.721% and an IC50 of 0.423±0.061 μg/mL were quantified. Since there is no previous literature on this species, the findings of this research provide a reference point for future studies.
The objective of this research was to analyze the pharmacognostic characteristics, quantify the total anthocyanins and evaluate the in vitro antioxidant capacity of the fruit of Eugenia quebradensis (gashmin). The plant was collected in the district of Contumazá, Cajamarca, and identified in the Herbarium Truxillense with the corresponding registry and deposit con number N° 59449. The fruits were studied, determining pharmacognostic characteristics (perception and physical-chemical parameters). In addition, from the ethanolic extract at 96° GL, the total anthocyanins were quantified and the antioxidant capacity was evaluated using the DPPH° method. The results showed that the fruit has an ovoid shape, smooth surface, average weight of 2.46±0.12 g, dimensions of 18.0x16.0 mm, blackish-red color, characteristic odor and bittersweet taste. A residual humidity of 6.73±0.19%, extractable substances of 18.77±0.55 mg/mL in 96° GL ethanol, 20.03±0.84 mg/mL in 70° GL ethanol, 21.78±1.11 mg/mL in 50° GL ethanol, and 25.32±1.08 mg/mL in water were recorded; and a total ash content of 3.62±0.21%. The presence of phenolic compounds, flavonoids, tannins, saponins and leucoanthocyanidins was identified. In the 96° GL ethanolic extract, 59.591±0.330 mg ECG/100 g FS of total anthocyanins, an antioxidant capacity of 1421.56±9.83 mg EAA/100 g FS, an inhibition percentage of 79.94±1.721% and an IC50 of 0.423±0.061 μg/mL were quantified. Since there is no previous literature on this species, the findings of this research provide a reference point for future studies.
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Keywords
Eugenia quebradensis, Gashmin, Antocianinas totales, Capacidad antioxidante