Evaluación de los conflictos durante la transacción productor - industria en el sistema agroindustrial lácteo del Perú
No Thumbnail Available
Date
2024
Authors
Journal Title
Journal ISSN
Volume Title
Publisher
Universidad Nacional de Trujillo
Abstract
El objetivo de la investigación fue evaluar los conflictos durante la transacción entre el productor de leche y la gran industria en el sistema agroindustrial (SAG) lácteo del Perú, por medio de una metodología propuesta en cinco etapas, a) dinámica comercial, b) análisis estructural discreto, c) análisis de la transacción, d) evaluación de conflictos y e) posición actual del SAG. La información para el estudio fue obtenida de entrevistas semiestructuradas aplicadas a los agentes del SAG, bases de datos científicas y recursos bibliográficos especializados. Los resultados evidencian una dinámica comercial para la leche y productos lácteos en función de la demanda nacional e internacional. El SAG lácteo del Perú se caracteriza por la alta heterogeneidad de los productores. Los grandes productores son los agentes más especializados para la producción de leche en cantidad y calidad, a diferencia de los pequeños y medianos productores. Por su parte, las grandes industrias poseen una gran capacidad para el acopio de leche y elaboración de derivados lácteos. Las transacciones entre agentes son recurrentes e involucran una alta especificidad de activos, en un ambiente de incertidumbres inherentes al mercado. Los pequeños y medianos productores reportan altos niveles de conflictos, nivel 3 y nivel 4, mientras los grandes productores e industrias, niveles más bajos, nivel 1 y nivel 2. El precio de la leche, los descuentos, el poder de negociación y el análisis de la leche, son causas de conflictos para los productores, en tanto, la coyuntura política, la desinformación del mercado y la legislación son causas de conflictos para las grandes industrias. En su conjunto, el SAG posee una posición poco competitiva por la baja performance de los agentes menos especializados. La implementación de estrategias mejorará la competitividad de los productores y la sostenibilidad del SAG en el mercado global.
The objective of the research was to evaluate the conflicts during the transaction between the farmer and the large industry in the Peruvian dairy agro-industrial system (AGS), by means of a methodology proposed in five stages, a) commercial dynamics, b) discrete structural analysis, c) transaction analysis, d) conflict assessment and e) current position of the AGS. Information for the study were obtained from semi-structured interviews with AGS agents, scientific databases and specialised bibliographic resources. The results show a commercial dynamic for milk and dairy products according to national and international demand. The Peruvian dairy AGS is characterised by the high heterogeneity of farmers. Large farmers are the most specialised agents for milk production in terms of quantity and quality, in contrast to small and medium-sized farmers. On the other hand, large industries have a large capacity for milk collection and the production of dairy products. Transactions between agents are recurrent and involve a high specificity of assets, in an environment of inherent market uncertainties. Small and medium-sized farmers report high levels of conflict, level 3 and level 4, while large farmers and industries report the lowest levels, level 1 and level 2. The price of milk, discounts, bargaining power and milk analysis are causes of conflict for farmers, while the political situation, market misinformation and legislation are causes of conflict for large industries. Overall, the AGS has a weak competitive position due to the poor performance of less specialised actors. The implementation of strategies will improve the competitiveness of farmers and the sustainability of the AGS in the global market.
The objective of the research was to evaluate the conflicts during the transaction between the farmer and the large industry in the Peruvian dairy agro-industrial system (AGS), by means of a methodology proposed in five stages, a) commercial dynamics, b) discrete structural analysis, c) transaction analysis, d) conflict assessment and e) current position of the AGS. Information for the study were obtained from semi-structured interviews with AGS agents, scientific databases and specialised bibliographic resources. The results show a commercial dynamic for milk and dairy products according to national and international demand. The Peruvian dairy AGS is characterised by the high heterogeneity of farmers. Large farmers are the most specialised agents for milk production in terms of quantity and quality, in contrast to small and medium-sized farmers. On the other hand, large industries have a large capacity for milk collection and the production of dairy products. Transactions between agents are recurrent and involve a high specificity of assets, in an environment of inherent market uncertainties. Small and medium-sized farmers report high levels of conflict, level 3 and level 4, while large farmers and industries report the lowest levels, level 1 and level 2. The price of milk, discounts, bargaining power and milk analysis are causes of conflict for farmers, while the political situation, market misinformation and legislation are causes of conflict for large industries. Overall, the AGS has a weak competitive position due to the poor performance of less specialised actors. The implementation of strategies will improve the competitiveness of farmers and the sustainability of the AGS in the global market.
Description
Keywords
Leche, Pequeños productores, Mercado, Precio, Calidad