Impactos ambientales generados por el funcionamiento e la Planta de Tratamiento de Aguas Residuales El Cortijo. Trujillo. La Libertad 2020
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Date
2024
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Universidad Nacional de Trujillo
Abstract
Este estudio aborda problemas en el sistema de tratamiento de aguas residuales en Trujillo, La Libertad. Se analiza el impacto ambiental de la Planta de Tratamiento de Aguas Residuales de El Cortijo, que maneja un caudal de 200 l/s y enfrenta desafíos como olores desagradables debido al secado de residuos al aire libre, ineficiencia en el tratamiento primario y secundario, uso de cloro en el tratamiento terciario y mezcla del efluente con agua sin tratar antes de ser vertido en tierras de cultivo.
Se ha evaluado la calidad físico-química del agua siguiendo los estándares estipulados por el Decreto Supremo N° 003-2010-MINAM, se ha encontrado que varios parámetros no cumplen con los límites permitidos tanto en el agua de entrada como en el efluente de la planta.
Además, se recopilo la opinión de la población mediante una encuesta pública para evaluar el impacto ambiental, especialmente en lo que respecta al problema del mal olor. Categorizando en tres niveles: "muy intenso" en un radio de 0,75 kilómetros al este y 0,80 kilómetros al sur, "perceptible" en un radio de 1,60 kilómetros al este y "ligeramente perceptible" que se extiende hasta aproximadamente 3,50 kilómetros al este.
La matriz de Leopold utilizada para evaluar los impactos ambientales, la cual reveló que las actividades de mayor impacto negativo son la entrada del afluente (-66), la operación de las lagunas aireadas y facultativas (-79) y el efluente de salida (-88) son las más perjudiciales, especialmente para la calidad del aire debido al problema del mal olor.
This study addresses problems in the wastewater treatment system in Trujillo, La Libertad. It analyzes the environmental impact of the El Cortijo Wastewater Treatment Plant, which handles a flow rate of 200 l/s and faces challenges such as unpleasant odors due to open-air waste drying, inefficiencies in primary and secondary treatment, the use of chlorine in tertiary treatment, and the mixing of effluent with untreated water before being discharged into agricultural land. The physical-chemical water quality has been evaluated following the standards stipulated by Supreme Decree No. 003-2010-MINAM, and it has been found that several parameters do not meet the allowed limits, both in the influent water and the effluent from the plant. Furthermore, the opinions of the population were gathered through a public survey to assess the environmental impact, especially concerning the issue of bad odors. These were categorized into three levels: "very intense" within a radius of 0.75 kilometers to the east and 0.80 kilometers to the south, "perceptible" within a radius of 1.60 kilometers to the east, and "slightly perceptible" extending to approximately 3.50 kilometers to the east. The Leopold matrix was used to evaluate environmental impacts, revealing that the activities with the most negative impact are the influent entry (-66), the operation of the aerated and facultative lagoons (-79), and the effluent discharge (-88), particularly in terms of air quality due to the issue of bad odors.
This study addresses problems in the wastewater treatment system in Trujillo, La Libertad. It analyzes the environmental impact of the El Cortijo Wastewater Treatment Plant, which handles a flow rate of 200 l/s and faces challenges such as unpleasant odors due to open-air waste drying, inefficiencies in primary and secondary treatment, the use of chlorine in tertiary treatment, and the mixing of effluent with untreated water before being discharged into agricultural land. The physical-chemical water quality has been evaluated following the standards stipulated by Supreme Decree No. 003-2010-MINAM, and it has been found that several parameters do not meet the allowed limits, both in the influent water and the effluent from the plant. Furthermore, the opinions of the population were gathered through a public survey to assess the environmental impact, especially concerning the issue of bad odors. These were categorized into three levels: "very intense" within a radius of 0.75 kilometers to the east and 0.80 kilometers to the south, "perceptible" within a radius of 1.60 kilometers to the east, and "slightly perceptible" extending to approximately 3.50 kilometers to the east. The Leopold matrix was used to evaluate environmental impacts, revealing that the activities with the most negative impact are the influent entry (-66), the operation of the aerated and facultative lagoons (-79), and the effluent discharge (-88), particularly in terms of air quality due to the issue of bad odors.
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Keywords
Tratamiento de aguas residuales, Impacto ambiental