Desarrollo de un envase rígido a base de fibra de pseudotallo de plátano y resina urea formaldehído
No Thumbnail Available
Date
2025
Journal Title
Journal ISSN
Volume Title
Publisher
Universidad Nacional de Trujillo
Abstract
El pseudotallo es un residuo abundante resultante después de la cosecha del racimo de banano que sirve como fuente de agua, nutrientes y sustancias orgánicas. En el presente estudio se evaluó la proporción de fibra de pseudotallo de plátano y resina urea formaldehído para envases con las mejores propiedades mecánicas y físicas. Se elaboraron envases por termoprensado, empleando tres tamaños de fibra (300-180 um, 180-125 um, 125-75 um) y cinco concentraciones de resina urea formaldehído (25%, 40%, 50%, 60% y 75%). Se evaluaron las propiedades físicas (color, densidad, capacidad de absorción de agua) y mecánicas (resistencia a la tracción, elongación, deformación y compresión) de los 15 tratamientos. Se realizó análisis de varianza (ANOVA) y pruebas de comparación de medias (Tukey). Se obtuvieron los tratamientos con las mejores propiedades físicas y mecánicas, siendo los tratamientos T12 (40% resina, tamaño de fibra 300-180 um) y T8 (50% resina, tamaño de fibra 180-125 um). Los valores de resistencia a la tracción para los tratamientos T12 y T8 fueron 1.69 y 3.10 MPa, respectivamente. Así mismo, T12 presentó un valor de dureza de 70.09N y el tratamiento T8 de 50.73N. A estos tratamientos se les realizó un análisis de espectrofotometría FTIR, en el cual se identificó los picos característicos de su composición, evidenciando principalmente la presencia de celulosa y hemicelulosa en la fibra de pseudotallo de plátano. De acuerdo con los valores obtenidos para los parámetros evaluados, se puede concluir que el uso de la fibra de pseudotallo de plátano y la resina urea formaldehído permiten la elaboración de envases con mejores características físicas y mecánicas.
ABSTRACT The pseudostem is an abundant residue resulting from the harvest of the banana bunch that serves as a source of water, nutrients and organic substances. In the present study, the proportion of banana pseudostem fiber and urea formaldehyde resin was evaluated for containers with the best mechanical and physical properties. Containers were produced by heat pressing, using three fiber sizes (300-180 um, 180-125 um, 125-75 um) and five concentrations of urea formaldehyde resin (25%, 40%, 50%, 60% and 75%). The physical properties (color, density, water absorption capacity) and mechanical properties (tensile strength, elongation, deformation and compression) of the 15 treatments were evaluated. Analysis of variance (ANOVA) and means comparison tests (Tukey) were performed. The treatments with the best physical and mechanical properties were obtained, being the treatments T12 (40% resin, fiber size 300-180um) and T8 (50% resin, fiber size 180-125um). The tensile strength values for treatments T12 and T8 were 1.69 and 3.10 MPa, respectively. Likewise, T12 presented a hardness value of 70.09 N and the T8 treatment of 50.73 N. An FTIR spectrophotometry analysis was carried out on these treatments, in which the characteristic peaks of their composition were identified, mainly evidencing the presence of cellulose and hemicellulose in the banana pseudostem fiber. According to the values obtained for the evaluated parameters, it can be concluded that the use of banana pseudostem fiber and urea formaldehyde resin allow the production of containers with better physical and mechanical characteristics.
ABSTRACT The pseudostem is an abundant residue resulting from the harvest of the banana bunch that serves as a source of water, nutrients and organic substances. In the present study, the proportion of banana pseudostem fiber and urea formaldehyde resin was evaluated for containers with the best mechanical and physical properties. Containers were produced by heat pressing, using three fiber sizes (300-180 um, 180-125 um, 125-75 um) and five concentrations of urea formaldehyde resin (25%, 40%, 50%, 60% and 75%). The physical properties (color, density, water absorption capacity) and mechanical properties (tensile strength, elongation, deformation and compression) of the 15 treatments were evaluated. Analysis of variance (ANOVA) and means comparison tests (Tukey) were performed. The treatments with the best physical and mechanical properties were obtained, being the treatments T12 (40% resin, fiber size 300-180um) and T8 (50% resin, fiber size 180-125um). The tensile strength values for treatments T12 and T8 were 1.69 and 3.10 MPa, respectively. Likewise, T12 presented a hardness value of 70.09 N and the T8 treatment of 50.73 N. An FTIR spectrophotometry analysis was carried out on these treatments, in which the characteristic peaks of their composition were identified, mainly evidencing the presence of cellulose and hemicellulose in the banana pseudostem fiber. According to the values obtained for the evaluated parameters, it can be concluded that the use of banana pseudostem fiber and urea formaldehyde resin allow the production of containers with better physical and mechanical characteristics.
Description
Keywords
Pseudotallo de plátano, Resina urea formaldehído, Biomaterial, Economía circular