Caracterización del suelo con fines de riego y diseño agronómico de las áreas verdes de los parques de Trujillo, sector 5. La Libertad. 2022
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Date
2024
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Universidad Nacional de Trujillo
Abstract
Este estudio se enfoca en la caracterización del suelo y el diseño agronómico para optimizar el riego en las áreas verdes de los parques del sector 5 de Trujillo, La Libertad, durante el año 2022. El objetivo principal fue llevar a cabo una caracterización detallada del suelo y desarrollar un diseño agronómico que mejore la eficiencia del riego en estas áreas. Para localizar los parques con precisión, se utilizó un sistema de posicionamiento global (GPS). Se recolectaron muestras de suelo a profundidades de 30, 60 y 90 cm, que fueron analizadas en el laboratorio de construcciones rurales de la Universidad Nacional de Trujillo. Los parámetros evaluados incluyeron densidad aparente, densidad real, pH, conductividad eléctrica, capacidad de campo y punto de marchitez permanente. Además, se realizaron pruebas de infiltración usando el método de doble cilindro. Los resultados revelaron que los suelos predominantes son Franco Arenosos, Arenosos Franco y Franco Arcillo Arenosos. Las características físicas mostraron una densidad aparente promedio de 1,40 g/cm³ y una densidad real promedio de 2,35 g/cm³. En cuanto a las propiedades hidráulicas, la capacidad de campo promedio fue del 17,56 % y el punto de marchitez permanente del 7,97%. El pH promedio del suelo fue de 7,67 y la mayoría de las muestras presentaron niveles de conductividad eléctrica no salinos, lo que favorece el crecimiento de las plantas. El diseño agronómico para los 81 parques del sector 5 de Trujillo se ha desarrollado considerando la evapotranspiración promedio de 4,83 mm/día y una frecuencia de riego de cada 1,4 días. Se estableció un coeficiente de jardín de 1 para ajustar el suministro de agua a las necesidades específicas de las áreas verdes. Este diseño asegura un riego eficiente y adecuado, optimizando el uso del agua y promoviendo la salud y sostenibilidad de las plantas en los parques.
ABSTRACT This study focuses on soil characterization and agronomic design for optimizing irrigation in green areas within the parks of Sector 5 in Trujillo, La Libertad, for the year 2022. The primary objective was to characterize the soil and propose an agronomic design to enhance irrigation efficiency in these areas. To accurately locate the parks, a Global Positioning System (GPS) was used. Soil samples were collected at depths of 30, 60, and 90 cm and analyzed at the Rural Construction Laboratory of the National University of Trujillo. The evaluated parameters included bulk density, real density, pH, electrical conductivity, field capacity, and permanent wilting point. Additionally, infiltration tests were conducted using the double-cylinder method. The findings revealed that the predominant soil types are Sandy Loam, Loamy Sand, and Sandy Clay Loam. Physically, the average bulk density was 1,40 g/cm³ and the average real density was 2,35 g/cm³. Hydraulically, the average field capacity was 17,56 %, and the permanent wilting point was 7,97 %. Chemically, the average soil pH was 7,67 and most samples exhibited non-saline electrical conductivity levels, indicating favorable conditions for plant growth. The agronomic design for the 81 parks considered an average evapotranspiration rate of 4,83 mm/day and a watering frequency of every 1,40 days. A garden coefficient of 1 was applied to tailor water supply to the specific needs of the green areas. This design ensures efficient and adequate irrigation, optimizing water use and promoting plant health and sustainability in the parks.
ABSTRACT This study focuses on soil characterization and agronomic design for optimizing irrigation in green areas within the parks of Sector 5 in Trujillo, La Libertad, for the year 2022. The primary objective was to characterize the soil and propose an agronomic design to enhance irrigation efficiency in these areas. To accurately locate the parks, a Global Positioning System (GPS) was used. Soil samples were collected at depths of 30, 60, and 90 cm and analyzed at the Rural Construction Laboratory of the National University of Trujillo. The evaluated parameters included bulk density, real density, pH, electrical conductivity, field capacity, and permanent wilting point. Additionally, infiltration tests were conducted using the double-cylinder method. The findings revealed that the predominant soil types are Sandy Loam, Loamy Sand, and Sandy Clay Loam. Physically, the average bulk density was 1,40 g/cm³ and the average real density was 2,35 g/cm³. Hydraulically, the average field capacity was 17,56 %, and the permanent wilting point was 7,97 %. Chemically, the average soil pH was 7,67 and most samples exhibited non-saline electrical conductivity levels, indicating favorable conditions for plant growth. The agronomic design for the 81 parks considered an average evapotranspiration rate of 4,83 mm/day and a watering frequency of every 1,40 days. A garden coefficient of 1 was applied to tailor water supply to the specific needs of the green areas. This design ensures efficient and adequate irrigation, optimizing water use and promoting plant health and sustainability in the parks.
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Keywords
Suelo, Caracterización, Areas verdes