Neumonía materna por covid 19 como factor de riesgo para prematuridad neonatal
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Date
2023-06-27
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Universidad Nacional de Trujillo
Abstract
La infección por SARS COv2 está asociada a la aparición de formas clínicamente relevantes como por ejemplo la gestación, en cuya condición las mujeres se encuentran más propensas a ser contagiadas, así como a experimentar una evolución más tórpida del cuadro respiratorio llegando a desarrollar una neumonía; debido a la inmunodeficiencia asociada con las adaptaciones fisiológicas durante el embarazo. Se han identificado viriones de SARS-CoV2 en las vellosidades de la placenta por medio de microscopía electrónica, donde se han reportado cargas virales en la placenta de más de 2 veces mayor que en sangre materna o nasofaringe, siendo esta carga viral alta y elevando la posibilidad de que pueda provocar una respuesta inflamatoria placentaria severa. Habiéndose descrito el vínculo entre la enfermedad por COVID 19 con la aparición de desenlaces obstétricos adversos, resulta pertinente explorar la influencia en relación con la aparición de desenlaces adversos también en el neonato, tales como parto prematuro, aborto, ruptura prematura de membranas, preeclampsia, cesárea, sufrimiento fetal, muerte prenatal e ingreso a las unidades intensivas neonatales. Dado que existe aún poca información definitiva al respecto; estas complicaciones pueden atribuirse a infecciones virales, así como a cambios fisiológicos que reducen la tolerancia a la hipoxia al final de la gestación, en tal sentido consideramos relevante evaluar esta relación en nuestra realidad, estimando que no existen estudios similares en nuestra población, es que llevaremos a cabo esta investigación.
Abstract SARS COv2 infection is associated with the appearance of clinically relevant forms such as pregnancy, in which condition women are more likely to be contagious, as well as to experience a more torpid evolution of the respiratory condition, leading to the development of pneumonia; due to immunodeficiency associated with physiological adaptations during pregnancy. SARS-CoV2 virions have been identified in the villi of the placenta by means of electron microscopy, where viral loads have been reported in the placenta more than 2 times higher than in maternal blood or nasopharynx, this viral load being high and raising the possibility that it may provoke a severe placental inflammatory response. Having described the link between COVID 19 disease and the appearance of adverse obstetric outcomes, it is pertinent to explore the influence in relation to the appearance of adverse outcomes also in the neonate, such as premature birth, abortion, premature rupture of membranes, preeclampsia, cesarean section, fetal distress, prenatal death and admission to neonatal intensive care units. Since there is still little definitive information about it; These complications can be attributed to viral infections, as well as to physiological changes that reduce tolerance to hypoxia at the end of pregnancy. In this sense, we consider it relevant to evaluate this relationship in our reality, estimating that there are no similar studies in our population. We will carry out this investigation.
Abstract SARS COv2 infection is associated with the appearance of clinically relevant forms such as pregnancy, in which condition women are more likely to be contagious, as well as to experience a more torpid evolution of the respiratory condition, leading to the development of pneumonia; due to immunodeficiency associated with physiological adaptations during pregnancy. SARS-CoV2 virions have been identified in the villi of the placenta by means of electron microscopy, where viral loads have been reported in the placenta more than 2 times higher than in maternal blood or nasopharynx, this viral load being high and raising the possibility that it may provoke a severe placental inflammatory response. Having described the link between COVID 19 disease and the appearance of adverse obstetric outcomes, it is pertinent to explore the influence in relation to the appearance of adverse outcomes also in the neonate, such as premature birth, abortion, premature rupture of membranes, preeclampsia, cesarean section, fetal distress, prenatal death and admission to neonatal intensive care units. Since there is still little definitive information about it; These complications can be attributed to viral infections, as well as to physiological changes that reduce tolerance to hypoxia at the end of pregnancy. In this sense, we consider it relevant to evaluate this relationship in our reality, estimating that there are no similar studies in our population. We will carry out this investigation.
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Keywords
Embarazo, Neumonía, Trabajo de Parto Prematuro