Efecto de la concentración de extracto fenólico de cáscara de granada en propiedades de biopelículas de gelatina de Lisa (Mugil cephalus)
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Date
2025
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Universidad Nacional de Trujillo
Abstract
El objetivo de este estudio fue determinar el efecto de la concentración de extractos fenólicos de cáscara de granada en las propiedades mecánicas, antioxidantes y actividad antimicrobiana de las biopelículas elaboradas a partir de gelatina de piel de lisa Mugil cephalus, quitosano y glicerol. Para ello, se realizó la extracción de compuestos fenólicos mediante ultrasonido, la extracción de gelatina de piel de lisa y la obtención de la solución formadora de película. Posteriormente, se evaluaron las propiedades mecánicas, antimicrobianas y antioxidantes de las biopelículas formuladas con diferentes concentraciones de extracto fenólico (0.5%, 1% y 2%). El incremento de la concentración aumentó el amarillamiento de las películas, a 0.5% de concentración la fuerza de ruptura fue la más elevada (9.699 MPa) pero presentó una menor elasticidad con un módulo de Young de 21.714 MPa en cambio la formulación de 2% presentó un incremento en la fuerza de tensión 7.597 MPa y a su vez un incremento en la elasticidad con un módulo de Young de 5.018 MPa siendo el mejor tratamiento, mientras que el control es más elástico este posee una resistencia a la ruptura relativamente baja. La presencia de compuestos fenólicos también se vio incrementada de acuerdo al incremento de la concentración del extracto, alcanzando un máximo de 23.727 (meq de ac. gálico / g muestra) esto se ve reflejado también en el incremento de la capacidad de reducir radicales como el DPPH (50.023 μmol eq trolox/g muestra) y ABTS (100.587 μmol eq trolox/g muestra), la capacidad antimicrobiana de las películas no surtió efecto para microorganismos como Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeuroginosa y Staphylococcus aureus. En cuanto a la solubilidad esta va disminuyendo de acuerdo se va incrementando la concentración debido a la interacción de los polifenoles con las cadenas de la proteína de la gelatina. En conclusión, la incorporación de extractos fenólicos de cáscara de granada mejora significativamente las propiedades mecánicas y antioxidantes de las biopelículas, la adición de los extractos en las distintas concentraciones no produjo efecto alguno ante microorganismos como Escherichi coli, Staphylococcu aureus y Pseudomonas aeuroginosa.
ABSTRACT The objective of this study was to determine the effects of the concentration of phenolic extracts of pomegranate peel on the mechanical, antioxidant and antimicrobial properties of biofilms made from Mugil cephalus smoothskin gelatin, chitosan, and glycerol. To this end, the extraction of phenolic compounds was conducted by ultrasound, the isolation of gelatin from smooth skins and the obtaining of the film-forming solution. Subsequently, the mechanical, bacteriological and antioxidant properties of the biofilms formulated with different concentrations of phenolic extract (0.5%, 1% and 2%) were evaluated. The increase in concentration increased the yellowing of the films, at 0.5% concentration the breaking force was the highest (9.699 MPa) but presented a lower elasticity with a Young's modulus of 21.714 MPa, on the other hand, the formulation of 2% presented an increase in the tensile strength of 7.597 MPa and in turn an increase in elasticity with a Young's modulus of 5.018 MPa being the best treatment, While the control is more elastic, it has a relatively low breaking strength. The presence of phenolic compounds was also increased according to the increase in the concentration of the extract, reaching a maximum of 23.727 (meq of gallic acid / g sample) this is also reflected in the increase in the ability to reduce radicals such as DPPH (50.023 μmol eq trolox/g sample) and ABTS (100.587 μmol eq trolox/g sample). the antimicrobial capacity of the films did not influence microorganisms such as Escherichia Coli, Pseudomonas Aeuroginosa and Staphylococcus Aureus. As for solubility, it decreases as the concentration increases due to the interaction of polyphenols with the gelatin protein chains. In conclusion, the incorporation of phenolic extracts of pomegranate peel significantly improves the mechanical and antioxidant properties of the biofilms, the addition of the extracts in the different concentrations did not produce any effect against microorganisms such as E. coli, S. aureus and Pseudomonas Aeuroginosa.
ABSTRACT The objective of this study was to determine the effects of the concentration of phenolic extracts of pomegranate peel on the mechanical, antioxidant and antimicrobial properties of biofilms made from Mugil cephalus smoothskin gelatin, chitosan, and glycerol. To this end, the extraction of phenolic compounds was conducted by ultrasound, the isolation of gelatin from smooth skins and the obtaining of the film-forming solution. Subsequently, the mechanical, bacteriological and antioxidant properties of the biofilms formulated with different concentrations of phenolic extract (0.5%, 1% and 2%) were evaluated. The increase in concentration increased the yellowing of the films, at 0.5% concentration the breaking force was the highest (9.699 MPa) but presented a lower elasticity with a Young's modulus of 21.714 MPa, on the other hand, the formulation of 2% presented an increase in the tensile strength of 7.597 MPa and in turn an increase in elasticity with a Young's modulus of 5.018 MPa being the best treatment, While the control is more elastic, it has a relatively low breaking strength. The presence of phenolic compounds was also increased according to the increase in the concentration of the extract, reaching a maximum of 23.727 (meq of gallic acid / g sample) this is also reflected in the increase in the ability to reduce radicals such as DPPH (50.023 μmol eq trolox/g sample) and ABTS (100.587 μmol eq trolox/g sample). the antimicrobial capacity of the films did not influence microorganisms such as Escherichia Coli, Pseudomonas Aeuroginosa and Staphylococcus Aureus. As for solubility, it decreases as the concentration increases due to the interaction of polyphenols with the gelatin protein chains. In conclusion, the incorporation of phenolic extracts of pomegranate peel significantly improves the mechanical and antioxidant properties of the biofilms, the addition of the extracts in the different concentrations did not produce any effect against microorganisms such as E. coli, S. aureus and Pseudomonas Aeuroginosa.
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Keywords
Biopelículas, Extracto fenólico, Gelatina de piel de lisa, Cáscara de granada