Análisis metataxonómico de la diversidad fúngica asociada a suelos del Área de Conservación Privada Lomas del Cerro Campana, Trujillo, 2022
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Date
2024
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Universidad Nacional de Trujillo
Abstract
Existe una creciente importancia en desarrollar nuevas estrategias para la conservación de la biodiversidad, lo que incluye la identificación molecular de componentes del suelo, ya que los cambios estacionales pueden causar estrés en el suelo, lo cual afecta la actividad del microbioma. El objetivo de esta investigación fue determinar la Diversidad fúngica asociada a suelos del ACP Lomas del Cerro Campana, en 2 épocas diferentes, utilizándose metodologías moleculares modernas como, el análisis Metataxonómico, usando las secuencias ITS1 e ITS2 como marcadores para el análisis filogenético y taxonómico de hongos. Para esto, se realizó un muestreo de transectos: uno en la zona norte, otro en el centro y el último en la parte sur de la Región. Se recolectaron tres muestras de suelo tanto para época húmeda (mayo) y seca (noviembre), donde se identificó como flora cercana a: Solanum habrochaites “tomate silvestre” y Tillandsia multiflora Benth. “achupalla verde”. También, se analizaron algunos parámetros físicos-químicos del suelo siendo los más notorios, la conductividad eléctrica (época seca) y materia orgánica (época húmeda). Los resultados del análisis metataxonómico del suelo contienen, microbiomas analizados, donde cerca de 10 filos, 28 clases, 57 órdenes, 116 familias y 182 géneros, las clases principales son Agaricomycetes, Dothideimycetes, Eurotiomycetes, Mortierellomyctes, Pezizomycetes, Sordariomycetes, y Tremellomycetes. En las familias principales está Aspergilllacea, Chaetomiaceae, Cladosporiaceae, Diaporthaceae, Netricaceae, Plectophaerellacea y Psathyrellacea Finalmente, entre los géneros predominantes se encuentra a Aspergillus, Cladosporium, Clitopilus, Fusarium, Gibberella, Penicillium y Plectosphaerella. Se realizó la identificación a nivel de género basado sobre el análisis metataxonómico, haciendo uso de la bioinformática, mediante previo análisis de secuencias de ADN. Finalmente, algunas de las comunidades fúngicas encontradas podrían ser de interés biotecnológico en múltiples áreas como agricultura, minería, medicina, agroindustria, farmacéutica entre otras.
There is increasing importance in developing new strategies for biodiversity conservation, including molecular identification of soil components, as seasonal changes can cause soil stress, which affects microbiome activity. The objective of this research was to determine the fungal Diversity associated with soils of the ACP Lomas del Cerro Campana, in 2 different periods, using modern molecular methodologies such as Metataxonomic analysis, using the ITS1 and ITS2 sequences as markers for the phylogenetic and taxonomic analysis of fungus. For this, transect sampling was carried out: one in the northern area, another in the center and the last in the southern part of the Region. Three soil samples were collected for both the wet (May) and dry (November) seasons, where the following flora was identified: Solanum habrochaites “wild tomato” and Tillandsia multiflora Benth. “green achupalla”. Also, some physical-chemical parameters of the soil were analyzed, the most notable being electrical conductivity (dry season) and organic matter (wet season). The results of the metataxonomic analysis of the soil contain, microbiomes analyzed, where about 10 phyla, 28 classes, 57 orders, 116 families and 182 genera, the main classes are Agaricomycetes, Dothideimycetes, Eurotiomycetes, Mortierellomyctes, Pezizomycetes, Sordariomycetes, and Tremellomycetes. The main families include Aspergilllacea, Chaetomiaceae, Cladosporiaceae, Diaporthaceae, Netricaceae, Plectophaerellacea and Psathyrellacea. Finally, among the predominant genera are Aspergillus, Cladosporium, Clitopilus, Fusarium, Gibberella, Penicillium and Plectosphaerella. Identification was carried out at the genus level based on metataxonomic analysis, using bioinformatics, through prior analysis of DNA sequences. Finally, some of the fungal communities found could be of biotechnological interest in multiple areas such as agriculture, mining, medicine, agroindustry, pharmaceuticals, among others.
There is increasing importance in developing new strategies for biodiversity conservation, including molecular identification of soil components, as seasonal changes can cause soil stress, which affects microbiome activity. The objective of this research was to determine the fungal Diversity associated with soils of the ACP Lomas del Cerro Campana, in 2 different periods, using modern molecular methodologies such as Metataxonomic analysis, using the ITS1 and ITS2 sequences as markers for the phylogenetic and taxonomic analysis of fungus. For this, transect sampling was carried out: one in the northern area, another in the center and the last in the southern part of the Region. Three soil samples were collected for both the wet (May) and dry (November) seasons, where the following flora was identified: Solanum habrochaites “wild tomato” and Tillandsia multiflora Benth. “green achupalla”. Also, some physical-chemical parameters of the soil were analyzed, the most notable being electrical conductivity (dry season) and organic matter (wet season). The results of the metataxonomic analysis of the soil contain, microbiomes analyzed, where about 10 phyla, 28 classes, 57 orders, 116 families and 182 genera, the main classes are Agaricomycetes, Dothideimycetes, Eurotiomycetes, Mortierellomyctes, Pezizomycetes, Sordariomycetes, and Tremellomycetes. The main families include Aspergilllacea, Chaetomiaceae, Cladosporiaceae, Diaporthaceae, Netricaceae, Plectophaerellacea and Psathyrellacea. Finally, among the predominant genera are Aspergillus, Cladosporium, Clitopilus, Fusarium, Gibberella, Penicillium and Plectosphaerella. Identification was carried out at the genus level based on metataxonomic analysis, using bioinformatics, through prior analysis of DNA sequences. Finally, some of the fungal communities found could be of biotechnological interest in multiple areas such as agriculture, mining, medicine, agroindustry, pharmaceuticals, among others.
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Keywords
Metataxonómico; Diversidad fúngica; Análisis, ACP Lomas del Cerro Campana; Suelos; Época seca; Época húmeda, sotavento